Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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This Author published in this journals
All Journal Indonesian Journal of Management and Economic Research
Michael Mncedisi Willie
Council for Medical Schemes, Policy Research and Monitoring, South Africa
Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences

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The Pitfalls of the Bell Curve in Performance Management Michael Mncedisi Willie
International Journal of Management and Economic Research (IJOMER) Vol 2 No 02 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Management and Economic Research
Publisher : Yayasan Aya Sophia Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70508/hmjpr861

Abstract

This conceptual paper critically examines the continued application of the bell curve model in performance management systems, highlighting its limitations and proposing alternatives better aligned with contemporary organisational needs. While the bell curve, or forced distribution model, aims to standardise employee evaluations by assuming performance follows a normal distribution, it often misrepresents actual contributions, particularly in high-performing teams, knowledge-based sectors, and dynamic environments. Drawing on systems theory and equity theory, this study argues that the model neglects contextual, collaborative, and developmental dimensions of performance, reinforcing biases and undermining fairness and engagement. A thematic review of scholarly literature and case studies from 2020 to 2024 reveals recurring criticisms, including the distortion of team dynamics, misalignment with job complexity, and erosion of employee morale. The analysis supports a shift toward more adaptive, inclusive, and feedback-oriented appraisal systems that emphasise growth, equity, and contextual relevance. The paper advocates for abandoning rigid ranking systems and favouring  developmental models that recognise diverse contributions and foster sustainable performance cultures. 
The Mediation Effect of Service Innovation on the Relationship Between Promotional Strategies and Market Share in Medical Schemes, South Africa Michael Mncedisi Willie; Abigail Chivandi
International Journal of Management and Economic Research (IJOMER) Vol 2 No 02 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Management and Economic Research
Publisher : Yayasan Aya Sophia Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70508/aq3chd74

Abstract

Orientation: The dynamic global healthcare landscape requires ongoing adaptation and innovation. Service innovation (SI) is pivotal for healthcare funders and providers, particularly in medical schemes, where it significantly enhances the effectiveness of promotional strategies (PS) and improves market share (MS). Research Purpose: This study explores the mediating effect of service innovation on the relationship between promotional strategies and market share in the private healthcare sector, focusing on medical scheme beneficiaries in Gauteng, South Africa. It aims to assess how SI amplifies the impact of PS on MS and the implications of outsourcing marketing services. Motivation for the Study: Rising complexity in the healthcare market and the need for medical schemes to attract and retain members amid growing competition drive this study. Understanding how service innovation mediates the relationship between promotional strategies and market share offers insights into optimising marketing efforts for better market penetration. Research Approach/Design and Method: A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, using snowball sampling to gather data from 260 beneficiaries in Gauteng. Baron and Kenny's mediation framework was used for analysis, with validation through STATA software and Zhao, Lynch, and Chen's approach. Main Findings: Service innovation partially mediates the relationship between promotional strategies and market share, with approximately 12% of the impact being mediated by SI, highlighting its role in enhancing promotional effectiveness. Practical/Managerial Implications: Integrating service innovation into promotional strategies is crucial for healthcare funders and providers to improve market share. The study also underscores the importance of aligning outsourced marketing services with organisational goals to maximise effectiveness. Contribution/Value-Add: This research provides empirical evidence on the partial mediation effect of service innovation, offering valuable insights for optimising marketing strategies and addressing challenges in outsourcing marketing services. Thus, it enhances competitive positioning in the healthcare sector.
Co-Authors Abigail Chivandi