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All Journal Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health
Aris Citra Wisuda
Nursing Study Program, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Bina Husada, Palembang, Indonesia
Health Professions Public Health

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Effects of Continuing Professional Development on Nurses’ Competence in Chronic Illness Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Miming Oxyandi; Aris Citra Wisuda; Faridah Mohd Said; Rhipiduri Rivanica
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.25945

Abstract

Chronic illnesses, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, represent major global health challenges requiring sustained nursing competence. Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is promoted to enhance nurses’ knowledge, skills, and professional attitudes; however, its effectiveness in chronic illness care remains inconsistent. This meta-analysis evaluated the impact of CPD on nursing competence in managing chronic illnesses. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published between January 2019 and January 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, and cohort designs reporting competence-related outcomes following CPD interventions. Data were synthesized using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. Eleven studies involving 1,362 nurses from Asia, Europe, and the Americas met the inclusion criteria. CPD showed a significant positive effect on nursing competence in chronic illness care (Hedges’ g = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.31–0.63; p < 0.001). E-learning and blended learning approaches were more effective than traditional face-to-face methods, and programs lasting more than six months produced greater improvements. Moderate heterogeneity was observed (I² = 48%), with no evidence of publication bias. The findings indicate that CPD moderately improves nursing competence, particularly when delivered through technology-enhanced and sustained educational strategies. Variations in intervention duration and learning modality may explain differences in effect sizes across studies. CPD is an effective strategy to strengthen nursing competence in chronic illness care, especially when implemented through blended or e-learning formats and extended program duration Keywords: Continuing Professional Development, Nursing, Competence, Chronic Illness Care, Meta-Analysis
Digital Transformation of BPJS Primary Healthcare Administration: A Qualitative Study of E-Module Implementation and Service Quality Improvement Benri Situmorang; Aris Citra Wisuda; Herlina Herlina; Febriantika Febriantika
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.25943

Abstract

Indonesia’s National Health Insurance system (BPJS Kesehatan) continues to face persistent administrative challenges in primary healthcare, including limited accessibility, bureaucratic complexity, long waiting times, and patient dissatisfaction. To address these issues, digital transformation initiatives have introduced electronic modules (e-modules) aimed at improving administrative efficiency, service quality, and data accuracy. This qualitative study collected data through in-depth interviews with twenty participants: twelve BPJS beneficiaries and eight primary healthcare officers from four community health centers in Sibolga City, North Sumatra. Participants were purposively selected based on their experience with BPJS e-module services. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically using NVivo 12 through open coding, categorization, and theme development. Four themes emerged: 1) Administrative accessibility improved as e-modules simplified access to procedural information; 2) Service efficiency increased through shorter waiting times and faster processing; 3) User satisfaction improved, especially among digitally literate participants who perceived greater transparency and predictability, and 4) Administrative accuracy strengthened due to standardized digital documentation, reducing manual errors. Nonetheless, barriers persisted, including limited digital literacy, uneven internet connectivity, and insufficient technical support at facility level. E-modules represent an effective administrative innovation that reduces procedural complexity and enhances service consistency in primary healthcare. However, uneven benefits resulting from infrastructural constraints, organizational inertia, and varying user capacity underscore the need to align technological implementation with institutional readiness and user support to prevent widening service disparities Keywords: BPJS Health, Primary Healthcare, E-Module, Digital Health Administration, Service Quality
Co-Authors Benri Situmorang Faridah Mohd Said Febriantika Febriantika Herlina Herlina Miming Oxyandi Rhipiduri Rivanica