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All Journal Interdisciplinary Social Studies Journal of Law and Nation
Tarsisius Susilo
Sekolah Staf dan Komando Tentara Nasional Indonesia
Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Public Health Social Sciences

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Humanitarian Crisis on The Dynamics of The Russia-Ukraine Conflict (Analysis of Humanitarian Law and Proposals for the Strengthening of the International Court) Yudi Rianto Ratu; Ernesta A. Brahmana; Tarsisius Susilo; Sarwo Supriyo; Thomas HK. Sinaga
Interdisciplinary Social Studies Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): Regular Issue: April-June 2025
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/iss.v4i3.847

Abstract

This study examines international humanitarian law in the dynamics of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, which has had a significant impact on the humanitarian crisis in Ukraine. The background of this study focuses on the existing fact that the Russian military invasion since February 2022 has caused the largest humanitarian crisis on the European continent. The Russia-Ukraine conflict has resulted in casualties, war injuries, infrastructure damage, and the absence of basic rights such as health care and access to basic necessities. Millions of Ukrainians have fled, both to neighboring countries and within Ukraine to safer locations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of international humanitarian law in responding to the Russia-Ukraine conflict and to provide recommendations for the development of more relevant policies in this context. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach through the analysis of legal documents and case studies, with a focus on the humanitarian crisis caused by the dynamics of the Russia-Ukraine conflict since February 2022. This analysis reveals that the principles of international humanitarian law are not fully applied in the context of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The research findings show that the humanitarian crisis in this conflict is quite concerning and requires UN intervention. Based on these findings, this study recommends that the UN urge Russia to implement a ceasefire with Ukraine and to ensure the realization of international humanitarian law protection in humanitarian corridors based on international agreements and supervised by the UN, in order to evacuate civilians and distribute humanitarian aid.
MODEL KEPEMIMPINAN SPIRITUIL MILITER ALI KHAMENEI TERHADAP KETAHANAN IDEOLOGIS DAN PERTAHANAN MANDIRI DALAM PERSPEKTIF STRATEGI PERTAHANAN INDONESIA Mujahidin Mujahidin; Fitriyan Rupito; Tarsisius Susilo; Gusti Bagus Oka Tapayasa; H.D. Arifin Simanjuntak
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

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Abstract

Ali Khamenei's leadership as Iran's Supreme Leader represents a model of military spiritual leadership that places ideology as the main pillar of national defence. Under his direction, Iran has developed ideological resilience through the consolidation of religious values, the strengthening of political legitimacy, and the development of military and paramilitary forces loyal to the principles of the Islamic revolution. This strategy goes hand in hand with an independent defence policy, particularly through a resistive economy programme and domestic defence industrialisation, which includes the development of ballistic missiles, drones, and other military technology, despite facing international sanctions and isolation. This article aims to analyse Khamenei's leadership model using a transformational, adaptive, and strategic military leadership theory approach, as well as utilising SWOT analysis tools to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and risks of Iran's defence strategy. The results of the study show that ideological resilience provides strong legitimacy for independent defence policies, but also carries vulnerabilities in the form of technological isolation and prolonged economic pressure. For Indonesia, there are important lessons in building a defence doctrine that is distinctive, independent, and based on national ideological values, with adaptations in accordance with Pancasila and the democratic system. Thus, the model of military spiritual leadership can be a reference in formulating an adaptive and relevant Indonesian defence strategy towards Indonesia Emas 2045.
Co-Authors Ernesta A. Brahmana Fitriyan Rupito Gusti Bagus Oka Tapayasa H.D. Arifin Simanjuntak Mujahidin Mujahidin Sarwo Supriyo Thomas HK. Sinaga Yudi Rianto Ratu