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All Journal Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Inicio Legis : Jurnal Hukum
I Made Wirya Darma
Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Pendidikan Nasional, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Implementation of the Principle of Proportionality in Criminal Sentencing in Indonesia Axl Mattew Situmorang; I Gede Agus Kurniawan; I Made Wirya Darma
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.6487

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the normative implementation of the principle of proportionality in the imposition of criminal penalties in Indonesia. The principle of proportionality is a fundamental concept in criminal law that requires the punishment imposed to be balanced and commensurate with the degree of fault and the impact of the criminal act committed. This research employs a normative juridical method with statute approach, conceptual approach, and legal doctrine approach. Data were collected through literature studies of relevant legislation, legal doctrines, and court decisions. The findings indicate that although the principle of proportionality has been regulated in various Indonesian laws and regulations, its application in criminal justice practice still faces several obstacles, such as judicial subjectivity and inconsistency in sentencing. Furthermore, cases have been found where the penalties imposed are disproportionate to the offender’s level of fault, potentially resulting in injustice. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening guidelines for applying the principle of proportionality within the criminal justice system, including training for law enforcement officers and the development of clearer and more measurable sentencing standards. It is expected that this research will contribute to the advancement of a more just and civilized criminal law system in Indonesia through the consistent and appropriate application of the principle of proportionality.
The Rights of Families of Terminal Patients to Refuse Futile Treatment: Legal and Ethical Limitations Primanto Tantiono; I Made Wirya Darma; I Gede Agus Kurniawan
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.7104

Abstract

Patients in terminal conditions are frequently subjected to futile medical interventions, namely treatments that no longer provide therapeutic benefits and merely prolong the biological process of life without improving its quality. This situation creates a dilemma between the family’s right to refuse such interventions and the physician’s professional obligations bound by ethical oaths and legal frameworks. In Indonesia, the regulation regarding the refusal of futile treatment by families of terminal patients remains ambiguous, leading to legal uncertainty and potential conflicts in healthcare practice. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal boundaries governing the authority of families of terminal patients to refuse futile medical treatment and to examine medical ethical principles as the basis for legitimizing such rights. This research adopts a normative legal method with a conceptual approach, focusing on the study of legislation, legal doctrines, academic literature, and professional codes of ethics. The findings reveal that the legal foundation for the family’s authority to refuse futile treatment can be traced through the principle of informed consent as stipulated in the Medical Practice Act and the rights of patients in the Health Act. However, the absence of explicit regulation creates a wide scope for interpretation, which may trigger disputes. From an ethical standpoint, the family’s right to refuse futile interventions gains legitimacy through the principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. The originality of this research lies in its integration of normative legal analysis with medical ethics principles, emphasizing the urgency of establishing specific regulations to ensure legal certainty while safeguarding patient dignity
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PENGHINAAN TERHADAP LEMBAGA PEMERINTAH I Gede K. Ananta Yoga; I Made Wirya Darma
Inicio Legis Fakultas Hukum Universitas Trunojoyo Madura Vol 6, No 2 (2025): November
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/il.v6i2.31608

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana penghinaan terhadap lembaga pemerintah sebagaimana diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) lama dan KUHP 2023, serta membandingkan sistem pemidanaannya dalam kedua regulasi tersebut. Permasalahan utama yang dikaji meliputi unsur-unsur delik penghinaan, bentuk kesalahan pelaku, syarat-syarat pertanggungjawaban pidana, serta jenis pidana, ancaman hukuman, dan asas-asas yang digunakan dalam penjatuhan pidana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan perbandingan hukum, serta dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui studi literatur dan dokumen hukum yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik KUHP lama maupun KUHP 2023 belum menunjukkan perbedaan substantif dalam hal pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap pelaku penghinaan terhadap lembaga pemerintah. Struktur unsur delik, bentuk kesalahan, dan syarat pertanggungjawaban pidana masih bersifat serupa, dengan orientasi hukum yang tetap menekankan pendekatan represif. Meskipun KUHP 2023 memperkenalkan klasifikasi delik aduan serta asas-asas pemidanaan seperti proporsionalitas dan keadilan, bentuk sanksi dan ancaman hukuman masih mempertahankan model retributif yang digunakan dalam KUHP lama. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa reformulasi KUHP belum secara signifikan mengubah pendekatan hukum terhadap kebebasan berekspresi dalam konteks penghinaan terhadap lembaga pemerintah
Co-Authors Axl Mattew Situmorang I Gede Agus Kurniawan I Gede K. Ananta Yoga Primanto Tantiono