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All Journal Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Inicio Legis : Jurnal Hukum
I Made Wirya Darma
Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Pendidikan Nasional, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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The Rights of Families of Terminal Patients to Refuse Futile Treatment: Legal and Ethical Limitations Primanto Tantiono; I Made Wirya Darma; I Gede Agus Kurniawan
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.7104

Abstract

Patients in terminal conditions are frequently subjected to futile medical interventions, namely treatments that no longer provide therapeutic benefits and merely prolong the biological process of life without improving its quality. This situation creates a dilemma between the family’s right to refuse such interventions and the physician’s professional obligations bound by ethical oaths and legal frameworks. In Indonesia, the regulation regarding the refusal of futile treatment by families of terminal patients remains ambiguous, leading to legal uncertainty and potential conflicts in healthcare practice. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal boundaries governing the authority of families of terminal patients to refuse futile medical treatment and to examine medical ethical principles as the basis for legitimizing such rights. This research adopts a normative legal method with a conceptual approach, focusing on the study of legislation, legal doctrines, academic literature, and professional codes of ethics. The findings reveal that the legal foundation for the family’s authority to refuse futile treatment can be traced through the principle of informed consent as stipulated in the Medical Practice Act and the rights of patients in the Health Act. However, the absence of explicit regulation creates a wide scope for interpretation, which may trigger disputes. From an ethical standpoint, the family’s right to refuse futile interventions gains legitimacy through the principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. The originality of this research lies in its integration of normative legal analysis with medical ethics principles, emphasizing the urgency of establishing specific regulations to ensure legal certainty while safeguarding patient dignity
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PENGHINAAN TERHADAP LEMBAGA PEMERINTAH I Gede K. Ananta Yoga; I Made Wirya Darma
Inicio Legis Fakultas Hukum Universitas Trunojoyo Madura Vol 6, No 2 (2025): November
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/il.v6i2.31608

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana penghinaan terhadap lembaga pemerintah sebagaimana diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) lama dan KUHP 2023, serta membandingkan sistem pemidanaannya dalam kedua regulasi tersebut. Permasalahan utama yang dikaji meliputi unsur-unsur delik penghinaan, bentuk kesalahan pelaku, syarat-syarat pertanggungjawaban pidana, serta jenis pidana, ancaman hukuman, dan asas-asas yang digunakan dalam penjatuhan pidana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan perbandingan hukum, serta dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui studi literatur dan dokumen hukum yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik KUHP lama maupun KUHP 2023 belum menunjukkan perbedaan substantif dalam hal pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap pelaku penghinaan terhadap lembaga pemerintah. Struktur unsur delik, bentuk kesalahan, dan syarat pertanggungjawaban pidana masih bersifat serupa, dengan orientasi hukum yang tetap menekankan pendekatan represif. Meskipun KUHP 2023 memperkenalkan klasifikasi delik aduan serta asas-asas pemidanaan seperti proporsionalitas dan keadilan, bentuk sanksi dan ancaman hukuman masih mempertahankan model retributif yang digunakan dalam KUHP lama. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa reformulasi KUHP belum secara signifikan mengubah pendekatan hukum terhadap kebebasan berekspresi dalam konteks penghinaan terhadap lembaga pemerintah
Artificial Intelligence and Criminal Liability Challenges for Contemporary Penal Law Kadek Panji Kumara Adi; I Made Wirya Darma; I Gede Agus Kurniawan
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 23 No. 2 (2024): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v23i2.7502

Abstract

Contemporary criminal law faces a significant paradigmatic challenge with the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a non-human entity capable of autonomous action and producing legally relevant consequences. The traditional criminal law system—rooted in an anthropocentric paradigm that attributes mens rea and actus reus exclusively to human actors—has become inadequate in explaining liability within the context of autonomous and adaptive algorithmic decision-making. This study aims to analyze how the criminal law system responds to actions and decisions generated by AI that result in legal consequences, and to formulate a conceptual model of AI criminal liability that ensures legal certainty, justice, and accountability. The research employs a normative legal method with a conceptual approach. The findings reveal that the criminal law system encounters both a culpability gap and a liability gap due to the absence of a legal subject that can be held directly accountable for AI’s actions. A reconstruction of the criminal law paradigm is therefore necessary through the adoption of a hybrid criminal liability framework that integrates human, corporate, and AI accountability based on the degree of control and risk creation. This study recommends limited recognition of electronic personhood for certain AI entities, alongside the application of risk-based accountability and the precautionary principle as new normative foundations for establishing an adaptive, accountable, and just criminal law system in the digital era
Co-Authors I Gede Agus Kurniawan I Gede K. Ananta Yoga Kadek Panji Kumara Adi Primanto Tantiono