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Implementation of the Principle of Proportionality in Criminal Sentencing in Indonesia Axl Mattew Situmorang; I Gede Agus Kurniawan; I Made Wirya Darma
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.6487

This study aims to analyze the normative implementation of the principle of proportionality in the imposition of criminal penalties in Indonesia. The principle of proportionality is a fundamental concept in criminal law that requires the punishment imposed to be balanced and commensurate with the degree of fault and the impact of the criminal act committed. This research employs a normative juridical method with statute approach, conceptual approach, and legal doctrine approach. Data were collected through literature studies of relevant legislation, legal doctrines, and court decisions. The findings indicate that although the principle of proportionality has been regulated in various Indonesian laws and regulations, its application in criminal justice practice still faces several obstacles, such as judicial subjectivity and inconsistency in sentencing. Furthermore, cases have been found where the penalties imposed are disproportionate to the offender’s level of fault, potentially resulting in injustice. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening guidelines for applying the principle of proportionality within the criminal justice system, including training for law enforcement officers and the development of clearer and more measurable sentencing standards. It is expected that this research will contribute to the advancement of a more just and civilized criminal law system in Indonesia through the consistent and appropriate application of the principle of proportionality.

The Legality and Legal Validity of Online Auctions: A Normative Study in the Era of Public Service Digitalization Ni Komang Sri Oka Mariana Dewi; I Gede Agus Kurniawan
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.6488

This research examines the legality and legal validity of online auctions within the framework of applicable laws and regulations, and assesses its consistency with the principles of administrative law and legal protection for the parties. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the implementation of online auctions has an adequate legal basis and how the formal and material validity of online auctions is normatively guaranteed. This research uses juridical-normative method with statutory approach and conceptual approach. The data analysis technique is carried out qualitatively by reviewing relevant laws and regulations, including the Minister of Finance Regulation (PMK), the Regulation of the Public Procurement Policy Agency (LKPP), and other technical regulations for the implementation of online auctions. The novelty of this research lies in the normative evaluation of the convergence between positive law and the rapidly growing practice of digital auctions. The results show that although the implementation of online auctions has been accommodated in a number of regulations, there are still lacunae of norms and inconsistencies between regulations that have the potential to cause legal uncertainty. On the other hand, the legal validity aspect of online auctions is still considered not fully fulfilling the principles of transparency, accountability, and legal protection for participants. This study recommends the establishment of special regulations regarding online auctions in the form of laws or at least comprehensive government regulations, in order to strengthen the legal basis and ensure certainty and justice in the practice of online auctions in the digital era.

Analysis of the Form and Amount of Compensation in the Copyright Infringement Case for the Use of the Song "Lagi Syantik" by Gen Halilintar Without Permission Putu Febby Regina Pingkan; I Gede Agus Kurniawan
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.6868

Copyright infringement on digital platforms is increasing with the development of social media as a means of content distribution. One case that has attracted public attention is the use of the song "Lagi Syantik" by the Gen Halilintar family without permission from the rights holder. This article analyzes the form and amount of compensation awarded in this case, and examines the effectiveness of the implementation of Law No. 28 of 2014 in addressing copyright infringement in the digital ecosystem. This research uses a normative juridical method with a case study approach and a comparative study of legal systems in other countries, such as the United States, Japan, and Germany. The results show that the determination of compensation of Rp 300 million does not reflect an objective approach to calculating losses, both economic and immaterial. The judge did not specify the basis for calculating the value of the losses, and the Indonesian legal system does not yet provide a standard or technical institution capable of accurately estimating royalties from digital platforms. International practice demonstrates the importance of the principles of fictitious licensing, statutory damages, and the presumption of damages mechanism as solutions to the difficulties of proving digital losses. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a digital copyright damage evaluation agency, revise the Copyright Law, and integrate the infringement reporting system with digital platforms. These reforms are crucial to ensure justice and legal certainty for creators in the digital creative economy era.

Doktrin Strict Liability sebagai Inclusive Mechanism Bagi Konsumen yang Dirugikan Akibat Ketidaksesuaian antara Produk dengan Gambar dalam Transaksi E-Commerce: Perspektif Hukum Inklusif: An Inclusive Legal Perspective I Gede Yudi Mahendra; Kadek Januarsa Adi Sudharma; I Gede Agus Kurniawan
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.7032

The rapid growth of e-commerce has created both opportunities and challenges in consumer protection, particularly in cases where products do not match the images displayed on digital platforms. This situation raises legal concerns because consumers often find themselves in a weak position to prove the fault of business actors. The prevailing paradigm of fault-based liability is considered less effective in ensuring access to justice, thereby necessitating a more inclusive legal mechanism. This study aims to analyze the liability of business actors within the framework of Indonesian positive law and to formulate the doctrine of strict liability as an inclusive legal mechanism in e-commerce transactions. The research employs a normative juridical method with both conceptual and statutory approaches. Data were collected through library research, which includes primary legal materials such as legislation, secondary materials in the form of scholarly literature, and tertiary materials that support legal interpretation.The findings indicate that although Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, the Indonesian Civil Code, and Law No. 11 of 2008 as amended by Law No. 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions regulate the obligations of business actors, the fault-based paradigm still hinders consumers from obtaining effective protection. The novelty of this research lies in proposing the formulation of strict liability within an inclusive legal framework, where liability is automatically attached to business actors without requiring proof of fault. This concept is expected to strengthen consumer protection while ensuring a fair balance of interests in the digital trade ecosystem

Restorative Justice Approach for Children Who Commit Crimes During Demonstrations: Law Enforcement and Future Arrangements Ni Nyoman Ayu Risna Maryuni; A.A.A Ngr. Tini Rusmini Gorda; I Gede Agus Kurniawan
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.7052

Demonstrations are one form of community effort to channel their rights and express their opinions. Basically, demonstrations have been regulated in various laws and regulations, particularly to ensure that those demonstrating are adults and can do so in a conducive and law-abiding manner. In practice, there are children, particularly school-aged children, who participate in demonstrations without knowing their purpose or goals, and instead engage in actions that damage facilities and break the law. This research aims to analyze the Restorative Justice approach for children, particularly when children face the law, such as when they participate in demonstrations. This research is normative legal research with a conceptual and legislative approach. The research findings confirm that, based on various laws and regulations, children are not permitted to participate in demonstrations, but the state is still obligated to provide space and facilitate children in expressing their aspirations and rights. Regarding children who commit unlawful acts while participating in demonstrations, law enforcement agencies, particularly the police, must optimize the Restorative Justice approach by involving parents, teachers/educators/community leaders, and the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) to ensure that children who commit unlawful acts during demonstrations can understand their mistakes without losing their rights to grow and develop. This research recommends legal updates to regulations governing public expression, emphasizing a Restorative Justice approach for children who commit legal violations during demonstrations

International Arbitration as a Pillar of Modern International Law: A Doctrinal and Practical Overview I Made Suwandana Putra; I Gede Agus Kurniawan
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.7064

International arbitration has emerged as a key mechanism for resolving cross-border disputes in the modern era of international law. As an alternative to national judicial systems, arbitration offers a neutral forum capable of providing legal certainty and protecting the interests of parties, including states, multinational corporations, and individuals. This article examines the role of international arbitration as a pillar of international law, using both doctrinal and practical approaches. From a doctrinal perspective, arbitration is understood through basic principles such as party autonomy, neutrality, finality of awards, and international recognition of arbitration outcomes. From a practical perspective, the discussion covers the effectiveness of international arbitration institutions, such as the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), as well as the challenges of practical implementation, including costs, delays, and potential conflicts with domestic legal interests. This article argues that international arbitration is not merely a technical dispute resolution instrument but also a normative instrument that strengthens the legitimacy and stability of the international legal system. Thus, international arbitration can be viewed as a crucial foundation underpinning the development of contemporary international law, as well as a strategic tool for maintaining a balance between national interests and the global order.

Kompolnas as a Police Oversight Institution: A Constitutional Law and Human Rights Perspective Putu Andika Wahyudi Putra; I Gede Agus Kurniawan
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.7080

This study aims to analyze the legal status and authority of Kompolnas within Indonesia’s constitutional law system and to evaluate the effectiveness of its role in protecting and ensuring the respect of human rights in police practices. The research employs normative legal methods with a conceptual approach. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials were collected and analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method to understand Kompolnas’ position within the framework of constitutional law and human rights protection principles. The findings indicate that while Kompolnas holds a significant normative position as a manifestation of the principle of checks and balances in a constitutional state, its functional role remains weak because its authority is merely recommendatory. In terms of human rights protection, Kompolnas has yet to achieve full effectiveness, as its role appears more symbolic than substantive. The originality of this research lies in its integrative analysis combining constitutional law and human rights perspectives, emphasizing the necessity of regulatory reform to strengthen Kompolnas’ authority. These findings provide an important contribution to reinforcing external oversight of the police to ensure accountability and the protection of human rights.

Legal Updates Regarding Industrial Design Rights for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises: A Pancasila Economic Perspective Kadek Putri Nirmala Dewi; I Gede Agus Kurniawan
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.7086

Industrial design is one of the important intellectual property rights for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) as a strategic instrument in promoting the protection and development of product innovation, which is essential for the pillars of the national economy. This research aims to analyze efforts to reform laws related to industrial design rights for MSMEs from the perspective of Pancasila economics. This research is normative legal research with a conceptual and legislative approach. The research findings confirm that the status of industrial design rights is very important for SMEs in protecting and developing product innovation and creativity, which contributes to the national economy. Although Law No. 31 of 2000 does not differentiate between the protection of MSMEs and large businesses, this right provides exclusive protection against design to prevent plagiarism, while also strengthening the competitiveness of MSME products in domestic and international markets thru legal recognition of esthetic elements such as product packaging, shape, pattern, and color. From the perspective of Pancasila Economics, legal reforms that simplify registration procedures, reduce costs, and enhance technical assistance are crucial for creating regulations that are inclusive, fair, and adaptable to technological developments and globalization. This research recommends revising the Industrial Design Law to prioritize ease of access for MSMEs, while also affirming the role of industrial design rights as a strategic asset for empowering the people's economy in order to achieve social justice and sustainable national economic development.

The Relationship between ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Principles and the Fulfillment of the Right to Work for Persons with Disabilities Ni Nyoman Mitha Sakarani; I Gede Agus Kurniawan
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.7087

The principle of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) has become one of the key benchmarks in sustainable business practices, including in Indonesia. However, the implementation of this principle is often understood primarily within the context of environmental and governance dimensions, while the social dimension—particularly the fulfillment of the right to work for persons with disabilities—remains insufficiently addressed. This situation underscores the need for an in-depth study of how ESG principles can be integrated into Indonesian business law to strengthen the protection of disability labor rights. This research aims to analyze the relationship between ESG principles and the fulfillment of the right to work for persons with disabilities, as well as to examine the extent to which Indonesian business law supports such integration. The study employs normative legal research with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. Primary legal materials include Law No. 8 of 2016 on Persons with Disabilities, the Manpower Law, and sustainability regulations such as OJK Regulation No. 51/2017. The findings reveal that Indonesian business law provides a normative foundation for disability labor inclusion through mandatory recruitment quotas, obligations to provide disability-friendly workplace facilities, and sustainability reporting requirements. The novelty of this research lies in its integrative analysis that links ESG principles with business law instruments, thereby offering a new perspective in viewing ESG not merely as a voluntary practice but also as a legal obligation that supports social sustainability. These findings contribute to the development of business law literature while also providing recommendations to enhance inclusive labor practices in Indonesia

Online Dispute Resolution as a Progressive Paradigm for Consumer Dispute Resolution in E-Commerce Transactions Mochammad Lukman Hakim; I Gede Agus Kurniawan
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.7095

The rapid growth of e-commerce has introduced new challenges in consumer protection, particularly regarding dispute resolution mechanisms. Conventional pathways through the courts or the Consumer Dispute Settlement Board (BPSK) have proven inadequate in addressing the complexities of online transactions, which are characterized by cross-border interactions, speed, and relatively small economic values. This situation creates a gap between consumers’ rights to justice and the effectiveness of available dispute resolution mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the limitations of conventional mechanisms in resolving consumer disputes in e-commerce and to explore the role of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) as a progressive paradigm capable of ensuring legal certainty and consumer protection. The research employs a normative juridical method with a conceptual and legislative approach, examining the compatibility of national regulations with the legal needs of the digital era. The findings reveal that conventional mechanisms are insufficiently adaptive to electronic evidence, hindered by jurisdictional barriers, and inefficient in terms of costs and procedures, thereby reducing consumer access to justice. In contrast, ODR offers a more progressive solution by leveraging technology to provide faster, more affordable, and cross-jurisdictional dispute resolution. The novelty of this research lies in positioning ODR not merely as an alternative mechanism but as a progressive legal paradigm that balances legal certainty with consumer protection. This contributes significantly to the development of a more responsive national legal system in addressing digital challenges.

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