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Cover and Table of Content of BVU Vol. 16 No. 1 February 2024 Kadek Karang Agustina
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. February 2024 Vol. 16 No. 1
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

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Cover and Table of Content of BVU Vol. 16 No. 1 February 2024

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: ZOONOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH MOUSE AND RAT Kadek Karang Agustina
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. February 2024 Vol. 16 No. 1
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bvu.v16i1.136

Mouse and rat borne zoonotic diseases refer to illnesses that can be transmitted from rodents such as mice and rats to humans. These animals can carry various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites, which can cause diseases in humans through direct contact, inhalation of airborne particles, consumption of contaminated food or water, or via vectors such as ticks and fleas. Here are some common mouse and rat zoonotic diseases: Leptospirosis, Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCM), Rat-Bite Fever (RBF), Salmonellosis dan Pes. Leptospirosis: This bacterial infection is caused by Leptospira bacteria found in the urine of infected rodents. Humans can contract leptospirosis through contact with contaminated water, soil, or food. Symptoms can range from mild flu-like illness to severe complications involving the kidneys, liver, and other organs. Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS): Hantaviruses are transmitted to humans through contact with rodent urine, droppings, or saliva, primarily from deer mice. Inhalation of aerosolized virus particles is the most common route of transmission. HPS can lead to severe respiratory illness, with symptoms including fever, muscle aches, coughing, and potentially fatal pulmonary edema. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCM): LCM is caused by the Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV), which is carried by house mice. Humans can become infected through exposure to rodent urine, droppings, saliva, or nesting materials. LCM can cause flu-like symptoms initially and may progress to more severe neurological complications, including meningitis and encephalitis. Rat-Bite Fever (RBF): This bacterial infection is caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis (commonly associated with rat bites) or Spirillum minus (associated with exposure to rat feces or urine). RBF can result from a bite or scratch from an infected rodent or handling of contaminated materials. Symptoms include fever, rash, joint pain, and in severe cases, endocarditis or meningitis. Salmonellosis: Salmonella bacteria can be carried by rodents, particularly in their feces. Humans can contract salmonellosis through the ingestion of contaminated food or water, as well as through direct contact with rodents or their habitats. Symptoms typically include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, and vomiting. Pes: While commonly associated with fleas that infest rodents like rats, plague bacteria (Yersinia pestis) can also be transmitted directly through contact with infected rodents or their bodily fluids. Plague can manifest as bubonic (swollen lymph nodes), septicemic, or pneumonic forms, with symptoms ranging from fever and chills to respiratory distress and organ failure. Preventing mouse and rat zoonotic diseases involves maintaining good hygiene practices, such as proper food storage, waste disposal, and rodent-proofing buildings. Additionally, avoiding contact with wild rodents and seeking prompt medical attention if exposed to rodents or experiencing symptoms of illness are crucial preventive measures.

Cover and Table of Content of BVU Vol. 16 No. 2 April 2024 Kadek Karang Agustina
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. April 2024 Vol. 16 No. 2
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

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Cover and Table of Content of BVU Vol. 16 No. 2 April 2024

HAZARD ANALYSIS OF ANTIBIOTIC USE IN BROILER FARMING I Ketut Tomy Caesar Ramanda; Kadek Karang Agustina
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. December 2024 Vol. 16 No. 6
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2024.v16.i06.p23

Increasing poultry populations and the use of conventional antibiotics to maintain the health of livestock and animal products have led to the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a global public health concern. The pattern of antibiotic use and misuse in broiler farming can be an implication of the emergence of various types of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their spread among animals, humans, and the environment. The purpose of this literature review is to analyse the hazards associated with antibiotic use on broiler farms, the risk of antimicrobial resistance, and the potential consequences for animal, human and environmental health. In general, the negative impacts of antibiotic residues on human health include toxicological, microbiological and immunopathological hazards and economic impacts. Meanwhile, the impact of excessive use of antibiotics in livestock can lead to a weaker immune system, cause dysbacteriosis, the occurrence of secondary diseases or infections, residues in poultry products, and antibiotic resistance to pathogens. Furthermore, the overuse of antibiotics on broiler farms can result in pollution to the environment surrounding the farms that is distributed into soil, water, and plants. Therefore, effective mitigation of the risks associated with the extensive use of antimicrobials on broiler farms and management of AMR issues is essential, and requires a multidisciplinary integrated approach, such as the One Health approach to achieve optimal health and welfare outcomes and emphasize the interconnectedness between humans, animals and the environment.

IMPLEMENTATION OF ANIMAL WELFARE ON BROILER FARMS IN SEBATU VILLAGE AND TARO VILLAGE, TEGALLALANG SUB-DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY, BALI Putri Destarani; Kadek Karang Agustina; Tjok Gde Oka Pemayun
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. August 2024 Vol. 16 No. 4
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2024.v16.i04.p42

Broiler chickens are the most dominant type of meat consumed by the public. The decline in cattle production could also be influenced by a lack of public knowledge about farm management and lack of knowledge and animal welfare. The aim of the research is to determine the welfare of animals on farms broiler chickens in Sebatu Village and Taro Village, Tegallalang District, Gianyar Regency, Bali. This research uses observational methods. The number of respondents in this study was 10 KK who are raising cattle in Sebatu Village and 10 KK in Taro Village, District Tegallalang, Gianyar Regency, Bali. Gianyar Regency, Bali. in Sebatu Village with a good category reached 40% and very good 60%, while in Taro Village the implementation of animal welfare was good 30% in the good category and 70% in the very good category. It can be concluded that the implementation animal welfare of broiler chickens in the villages of Sebatu and Taro shows that no There are significant differences in the five principles of freedom aspects in animal welfare. It is recommended that farmers continue to improve their understanding and practice of animal welfare.

STUDY OF ANTIBIOTIC USAGE IN PIG FARMING IN SEBATU VILLAGE, GIANYAR REGENCY, BALI Emia Pepa Yosa Br Ginting; Kadek Karang Agustina; Tjok Gde Oka Pemayun; Romy Muhammad Dary mufa; I Wayan Masa Tenaya; I Made Sukada; Nyoman Sadra Dharmawan
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. February 2025 Vol. 17 No. 1
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i01.p12

The main cause of antibiotic resistance is the misuse and excess of antibiotics. Other factors are misunderstanding of antibiotic use, inappropriate antibiotic dosage, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and antibiotics sold freely without a doctor's prescription. The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of antibiotic use among pig farms, the types of antibiotics used and the status of antibiotic use by pig farmers in Sebatu Village, Tegallalang District, Gianyar Regency, Bali. The study used observational and interview methods in the form of questionnaires distributed to pig farmers. Data were analyzed descriptively and then displayed in tables and figures. The percentage of respondents who used antibiotics under the supervision of a veterinarian was 56.67% (17/30 respondents) and 43.33% (13/30 respondents) of pig farmers provided independent treatment for livestock without supervision from a veterinarian. (33.33%) pig farmers obtained antibiotics from drug stores, (10%) from other farmers. The types of antibiotics used were the Tetracycline group (92.3%); Penicillin (30.7%); Sulfonamides (38.4%); Aminoglycosides (23.0%). Selecting antibiotics based on the needs of sick animals (26.67%); Selected by drug sellers (16.67%); dosage determined by drug brochures (30%); Previous experience (13.33%); Farmers' knowledge of antibiotics and their functions (63.33%); do not know (36.67%) and farmers already know that using antibiotics must be under the supervision of a veterinarian (60%); do not know (40%). The percentage of pig farmers who use antibiotics in Sebatu Village, Tegallalang District, Gianyar Regency, Bali reached 43.33% (13 farmers) independently without the supervision of a veterinarian with various types of antibiotic groups.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ANALYSIS IN THE CATTLE SLAUGHTERING PROCESS AT THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE IN DENPASAR CITY Joanita Auxilia de Sa Pereira; Kadek Karang Agustina; I Ketut Suada
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. December 2025 Vol. 17 No. 6
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i06.p03

The cattle slaughtering process at the Slaughterhouse (RPH) involves various occupational health and safety (OHS) hazards that require effective management. This study aims to identify potential OHS hazards and assess their risk levels at each stage of the cattle slaughtering process at the Denpasar City RPH. The research method used an observational approach with the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) technique to analyze physical, biological, ergonomic, and psychosocial hazards. The results show that several work stages have a high-risk level (score ≥10), particularly during the slaughtering stage (physical risk score 10, biological score 12, ergonomic score 12) and the use of the restraining pen (physical risk score 16). Dominant hazards include exposure to zoonotic bacteria, injuries from sharp tools and animals, and musculoskeletal disorders due to non-ergonomic working postures. Psychosocial factors such as work stress also contributed significantly, with risk scores reaching 12 in several stages. Based on these findings, this study recommends implementing comprehensive mitigation measures, including: (1) improved use of standardized personal protective equipment (PPE), (2) regular OHS training on animal handling and tool use, (3) redesign of work facilities to be more ergonomic, (4) implementation of an ISO 45001-based OHS management system, and (5) a mental health program for workers. These recommendations are expected to reduce work accident rates and increase productivity at the Denpasar City RPH, while also serving as a reference for developing OHS policies in the livestock sector.

DERMATOLOGICAL ZOONOSES IN PET HEDGEHOGS: A ONE HEALTH-BASED SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Astrid Laboure Parahita; Kadek Karang Agustina
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. December 2025 Vol. 17 No. 6
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i06.p04

The African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) is an exotic animal that has become increasingly popular as a pet in Indonesia. Despite its unusual appearance and being rarely handled directly, this animal poses a risk of transmitting zoonotic dermal diseases to humans. Transmission often occurs unnoticed and is frequently overlooked by both pet owners and the general public. This study aims to examine the risk of zoonotic skin diseases transmitted by mini hedgehogs and emphasize the importance of a One Health approach in their control. This review was conducted using a systematic literature review method on scientific articles obtained through Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate. A total of 25 relevant literatures were selected based on topic relevance, scientific quality, and accessibility. The review findings indicate that several pathogens such as Trichophyton erinacei, Sarcoptes scabiei, Cryptosporidium spp., and Enterocytozoon bieneusi have been found in mini hedgehogs and can potentially cause diseases in humans. Transmission may occur through direct contact, contaminated cage equipment, or the environment. The public’s limited understanding of exotic animals increases the risk of zoonotic transmission. In conclusion, mini hedgehogs are a potential source of zoonotic diseases that is often underestimated. A One Health approach is crucial to prevent and control the spread. Continuous public education and active involvement of veterinarians are necessary to detect and prevent zoonotic diseases originating from exotic pets.

A GAP ANALYSIS OF ANTIVENOM AVAILABILITY AND ITS IMPACT ON SNAKEBITE MORTALITY IN INDONESIA Ahmad Harits Fitra Mauladi; Kadek Karang Agustina
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. October 2025 Vol. 17 No. 5
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i05.p25

Snakebite envenoming is a significant neglected tropical disease in Indonesia, characterized by high incidence and mortality. This literature review aims to analyze the gap in antivenom availability and its impact on snakebite mortality in Indonesia. This study employs a systematic literature review methodology, synthesizing data from scientific journals, government reports, and news media. The results indicate a critical public health crisis driven by several interconnected factors. First, there is a severe discrepancy between Indonesia's high venomous snake biodiversity (77 species) and the extremely limited coverage of its nationally produced antivenom, Serum Anti Bisa Ular (SABU), which is only effective against three species. Second, scientific analysis reveals that SABU has suboptimal purity and neutralization potency, even against its target venoms, necessitating larger doses and increasing the risk of adverse reactions. Third, systemic barriers, including a lack of reliable epidemiological data, a fragmented distribution chain concentrating antivenom in urban centers, widespread public misinformation about first aid, and inadequate healthcare worker training, create a broken "chain of survival." The convergence of these factors results in an estimated mortality rate of 10%, five times the global average, with only about 10% of victims who need antivenom actually receiving it. The recent issuance of a national snakebite management guideline in 2023 is a positive step, but it cannot overcome the fundamental lack of appropriate therapeutic tools. This review concludes that high mortality is a direct consequence of this multifaceted antivenom gap. It is recommended that the government prioritize the development of new, region-specific polyvalent antivenoms and overhaul the national supply chain to ensure equitable access.

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