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All Journal Waraqat : Jurnal Ilmu_Ilmu Keislaman Islamic Studies and Education Journal
Zulkifli
Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat
Religion Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Other

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Freedom of Religion in Islam and Human Rights: a Perspective on Humanitarian Principles in Islamic Law Ramza Fatria Maulana; Zulkifli; Mahyudin Ritonga; Shofwan Karim
WARAQAT : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Waraqat: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat (P3M) Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam As-Sunnah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51590/waraqat.v10i1.988

Abstract

This study aims to examine the development of religious freedom in Indonesia and the relationship between human rights (HR) principles in Islam and international HR standards. According to SETARA Institute data from 2023, there has been a significant increase in violations of religious freedom, with 217 incidents and 329 violation acts, mostly perpetrated by non-state actors. Although this right is protected by the constitution and Law Number 39 of 1999, serious challenges remain. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach to explore expert perspectives on religious freedom in Islam, integrating legal document analysis, academic literature, and a comparative approach between Islamic law and international HR standards. Findings indicate that HR principles in Islam have a strong foundation through the maqasid al-shariah principles, which encompass the protection of life, religion, intellect, lineage, and property, aligning with universal HR despite distinct theological bases. In Indonesia, as a country that recognizes religious pluralism and is founded upon Pancasila, religious freedom is guaranteed through the 1945 Constitution. The study concludes that harmonizing Islamic and international HR principles in religious freedom necessitates an integrative, dialogical, and contextual approach, especially through collaboration between Muslim scholars and international HR experts. Despite ongoing challenges such as radicalism and the politicization of religion, legal reform and moderate approaches in some Muslim countries demonstrate that a synthesis between Islamic values and modern HR can be achieved with balance and inclusivity
Human Rights in Islam: A Comparative Analysis of Western and Islamic Perspectives and Their Application in Contemporary Society Zulkifli
Islamic Studies and Education Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Edisi December 2025
Publisher : Suria Academic Press

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Abstract

Human Rights constitute a fundamental issue in contemporary global discourse and are predominantly understood through a Western secular-liberal framework. However, Islam offers a distinct conceptualization of human rights rooted in divine revelation and embedded within the framework of Islamic law (Sharia). This article aims to analyze the concept of human rights in Islam, compare it with the Western conception of human rights, and examine its relevance and application in contemporary society. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research, drawing upon primary sources such as the Qur’an, the Sunnah, the Medina Charter, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 1948, as well as relevant academic literature. Data are analyzed through descriptive-analytical and comparative methods, focusing on differences in normative sources, philosophical foundations, and value orientations. The findings reveal that Western human rights are largely anthropocentric and emphasize individual freedom in a relatively absolute manner, whereas Islamic human rights are theocentric, emphasizing a balance between rights and obligations grounded in the principles of monotheism, justice, and public welfare (maslahah). The article concludes that despite fundamental differences, Islamic human rights remain relevant and possess significant potential to be contextualized in modern society through a maqasid al-sharia approach.
Co-Authors Mahyudin Ritonga Ramza Fatria Maulana Shofwan Karim