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All Journal Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences
I Gusti Ketut Suarjana
Udayana University
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Veterinary Other

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Isolation and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Klebsiella spp. from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broiler Chickens in Poultry Farms in Bali Yeocelin Meida Utami; Putu Henrywaesa Sudipa; I Gusti Ketut Suarjana; I Nengah Kerta Besung; Hapsari Mahatmi; I Gede Putu Anggita Raka Saputra; Arine Rayka Khaniya
Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Udayana University (LP2M Universitas Udayana)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/ATBES.2025.v09.i02.p02

Abstract

The poultry sector in Bali has experienced substantial growth, accompanied by a notable increase in broiler chicken populations. Information on Klebsiella spp. outbreaks in Bali has not yet been studied, despite the many potential infectious diseases that may affect broiler chickens on a large scale. Klebsiella spp. is an opportunistic pathogen that can induce severe respiratory disease in poultry, carrying a potential risk of zoonotic transmission. Furthermore, the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance among Klebsiella strains poses a critical challenge to effective therapeutic interventions. This study was conducted to isolate and identify Klebsiella spp. from the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens in commercial farms across Bali, and to assess the antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates against multiple antibiotic agents. A cross-sectional study with a total of 25 cloacal swabs was conducted, and the swabs were subjected to microbiological analysis. Isolation was performed using selective MacConkey Agar (MCA), followed by Gram staining, biochemical identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing through the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Two out of 25 (8%) samples were positively identified as Klebsiella spp. All of these positive isolates showed complete resistance to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. Additionally, the positive isolates also exhibited intermediate resistance against kanamycin, while 50% of the isolates demonstrated susceptibility to chloramphenicol. These findings confirm the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains among the isolates examined. The outcomes of this research emphasize the urgent need for a rigorous study to identify potential outbreaks caused by Klebsiella spp., throughout commercial farms in Bali and stringent monitoring and regulation of antibiotic usage within the poultry industry to mitigate the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance, thereby safeguarding animal health and preventing potential risks to public health.
Effect of Giving Sea Salt Through Drinking Water to Broilers on the Total Plate Count of Bacteria, Coliforms, and Escherichia coli in Broiler Feces Tifano Pratista Ramandika Nur Husodo; Ida Bagus Komang Ardana; I Made Merdana; I Gusti Ketut Suarjana
Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Udayana University (LP2M Universitas Udayana)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/ATBES.2026.v10.i01.p010

Abstract

The gastrointestinal microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining intestinal health, immune function, and productivity in broiler chickens. The growing concern about antimicrobial resistance arising from the prolonged use of antibiotic growth promoters has spurred exploration of natural alternatives to modulate gut microbial populations. Sea salt contains various minerals, including sodium, magnesium, potassium, and calcium, which may influence intestinal microbial ecology. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sea salt supplementation through drinking water on the Total Aerobic Bacterial Count (TABC), Coliforms, and Escherichia coli populations in broiler feces. A total of 72 CP 707 broiler chickens were assigned to four treatment groups: control without sea salt supplementation (S0), 1 g/L sea salt (S1), 2 g/L sea salt (S2), and 4 g/L sea salt (S3). Fecal samples were collected by cloacal swabbing at 0, 15, and 30 days of age. Bacterial enumeration was performed using Nutrient Agar and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that sea salt supplementation had no significant effect on TABC, Coliform, or E. coli counts (P>0.05). In contrast, broiler age significantly affected all bacterial parameters evaluated (P<0.05). Although lower bacterial counts were numerically observed in the 1 g/L and 2 g/L treatment groups compared with the control, these differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, sea salt supplementation through drinking water at concentrations up to 4 g/L did not significantly reduce fecal bacterial populations in broiler chickens. Age-related microbial succession had a greater influence on bacterial dynamics than sea salt supplementation.
Co-Authors Arine Rayka Khaniya Hapsari Mahatmi I Gede Putu Anggita Raka Saputra I Made Merdana Ida Bagus Komang Ardana Putu Henrywaesa Sudipa Tifano Pratista Ramandika Nur Husodo Yeocelin Meida Utami