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Upaya Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pihak Ketiga yang Asetnya Termasuk dalam Harta Pailit Violenza Alif; Ali Abdullah; Dian Purwaningrum
Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis Vol 6 No 12 (2025): Tema Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia
Publisher : CV Rewang Rencang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56370/jhlg.v6i12.2378

Abstract

Such actions by the curator could potentially fall under the category of unlawful acts (PMH) as stipulated in Article 1365 of the Civil Code. These actions are considered unlawful if they are carried out without a clear legal basis and without adequate verification of ownership. To be declared an unlawful act, the following elements must be fulfilled: the existence of an act, the act is unlawful, there is fault, loss has been incurred, and there is a causal relationship between the act and the loss incurred. This phenomenon indicates a gap between norms and practices in the administration of bankruptcy. The definition of the descriptive analytical method is a method that serves to describe or provide an overview of the object being studied through data or samples that have been collected as they are, without conducting analysis and making conclusions that apply to the general public. The curator's action of including third-party assets in the bankruptcy estate without a valid legal basis constitutes an unlawful act (PMH). This action violates the principles of property rights protection and legality in civil and bankruptcy law. The curator must ensure that the assets included in the bankruptcy estate truly belong to the debtor based on strong and valid legal evidence. Legal protection for third parties whose assets are included in the bankruptcy estate can be sought through commercial court proceedings, such as other lawsuits (Article 217 of the Bankruptcy Law) or third-party opposition (derden verzet). Third parties acting in good faith can submit proof of legal ownership through official documents such as a Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB), Deed of Sale and Purchase (AJB), or proof of full payment for the disputed object. Supreme Court Decision Number 311 K/Pdt.Sus–Pailit/2024 shows that the Supreme Court is increasingly consistent in providing protection for the property rights of third parties who have no debt relationship with the bankrupt debtor. This sets an important precedent in bankruptcy practice in Indonesia to prevent curators from exceeding their authority.
Penyelesaian Sengketa oleh WTO atas Sengketa Sawit Indonesia - Uni Eropa (Tinjauan Putusan DS593) Dian Purwaningrum; Marsha Kynesyifa
Jurnal Ragam Pengabdian Vol. 3 No. 1 (Spesial Issue) (2026): "Dharma Samudera"
Publisher : Lembaga Teewan Journal Solutions

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62710/5zyp3c18

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa World Trade Organization (WTO) dalam perkara DS593 antara Indonesia dan Uni Eropa, serta mengkaji penerapan prinsip pacta sunt servanda sebagai landasan normatif dalam menilai kepatuhan terhadap kewajiban perdagangan multilateral. Sengketa ini timbul dari kebijakan Renewable Energy Directive II (RED II) dan Delegated Regulation Uni Eropa yang mengklasifikasikan crude palm oil (CPO) sebagai komoditas berisiko tinggi indirect land-use change (ILUC), yang dinilai Indonesia bersifat diskriminatif dan membatasi akses pasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus, serta dianalisis secara kualitatif dan preskriptif berdasarkan perjanjian WTO, Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU), GATT 1994, dan laporan Panel DS593. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa WTO berfungsi tidak hanya sebagai forum adjudikasi, tetapi juga sebagai instrumen penegakan kewajiban hukum internasional berbasis aturan. Meskipun Panel tidak secara eksplisit merujuk pada prinsip pacta sunt servanda, pertimbangan hukumnya menegaskan kewajiban negara anggota untuk melaksanakan komitmen perdagangan internasional dengan itikad baik. Dengan demikian, DS593 memperlihatkan pentingnya keseimbangan antara otonomi regulasi lingkungan dan kepatuhan terhadap komitmen multilateral, sekaligus memperkuat kepastian hukum dan kredibilitas sistem perdagangan internasional
Co-Authors Ali Abdullah, Ali Marsha Kynesyifa Violenza Alif