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All Journal Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis Kertha Patrika Open Access DRIVERset
Tomi Agi Fratama
Universitas Nusa Cendana
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Disinformasi Berbasis Artificial Intelligence dan Krisis Kepercayaan Publik dalam Information Warfare pada Konflik Iran–As–Israel 2026: Perspektif Hukum Siber dan Hukum Pidana Internasional Tomi Agi Fratama; Priskila Kurniawati
Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Tema Hukum Internasional
Publisher : Himpunan Ilmu Hukum dan Ilmu Hukum Islam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56370/jhlg.v7i1.3846

Abstract

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly enhanced the creation and dissemination of disinformation in international conflicts. The escalation of the 2026 Iran–U.S.–Israel conflict demonstrated the use of synthetic content, deepfakes and digital information manipulation as instruments of information warfare. This study aims to analyze the legal status of AI-based disinformation from the perspectives of cyber law and international criminal law. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual and case approaches. The findings indicate that AI-based disinformation has not yet been recognized as a distinct criminal offense under international law. From a cyber law perspective, the use of AI to disseminate disinformation may be associated with cybercrime if it fulfills the elements of specific cyber offenses. Furthermore, international criminal law provides the possibility of liability when disinformation is used to support or facilitate the commission of international crimes within the jurisdiction of the Rome Statute.
Discourse on the Role of Victim Advocates in the Concept of Plea Bargaining: Towards Restorative Justice? Ni Putu Tya Suindrayani; Rahmat Angga Dwi Putra; Tomi Agi Fratama; Putri Mega Silvia Pa
Kertha Patrika Vol. 47 No. 3 (2025): Reinterpreted Civil, Administrative, and Criminal Law into Indonesia Legal Dev
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/KP.2025.v47.i03.p02

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to examine how the discourse on the role of victim advocates in the concept of plea bargaining as an attempt to achieve restorative justice in the adjudication of criminal cases in Indonesia. The methodology used is qualitative research with a non-doctrinal normative legal research method, as well as a regulatory and conceptual approach. The results of this study reveal a discourse on the situation of victim advocates in the current Indonesian criminal justice system, followed by a critical review of the concept of plea bargaining in the criminal justice system, and attempts to achieve restorative justice for victims by strengthening the role of victim advocates through its implementation in the concept of plea bargaining. Thus, the concept of plea bargaining not only prioritizes the interests of the defendant, but also serves as an alternative pathway to achieve recovery for victims of crime.
Discourse on the Role of Victim Advocates in the Concept of Plea Bargaining: Towards Restorative Justice? Ni Putu Tya Suindrayani; Rahmat Angga Dwi Putra; Tomi Agi Fratama; Putri Mega Silvia Pa
Kertha Patrika Vol. 47 No. 3 (2025): Reinterpreted Civil, Administrative, and Criminal Law into Indonesia Legal Dev
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/KP.2025.v47.i03.p02

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to examine how the discourse on the role of victim advocates in the concept of plea bargaining as an attempt to achieve restorative justice in the adjudication of criminal cases in Indonesia. The methodology used is qualitative research with a non-doctrinal normative legal research method, as well as a regulatory and conceptual approach. The results of this study reveal a discourse on the situation of victim advocates in the current Indonesian criminal justice system, followed by a critical review of the concept of plea bargaining in the criminal justice system, and attempts to achieve restorative justice for victims by strengthening the role of victim advocates through its implementation in the concept of plea bargaining. Thus, the concept of plea bargaining not only prioritizes the interests of the defendant, but also serves as an alternative pathway to achieve recovery for victims of crime.
Co-Authors Ni Putu Tya Suindrayani Priskila Kurniawati Putri Mega Silvia Pa Rahmat Angga Dwi Putra