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All Journal Jurna lAntropologi Indonesia Biokultur Bhakti
Iman Fachruliansyah
Universitas Indonesia
Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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Suku Bangsa Enggano dalam Perdebatan Rumpun Bangsa dan Bahasa Austronesia: Suatu Tinjauan Antropologis Iman Fachruliansyah
Antropologi Indonesia Vol 40, No 1 (2019): Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

Pulau Enggano ialah pulau paling selatan dari rangkaian busur kepulauan di sebelah barat pantai Sumatra, setelah Simeulue, Nias dan Mentawai. Terletak di Samudra Hindia dengan perairan laut dalam membuatnya digambarkan sebagai pulau yang terisolasi. Penduduk aslinya, atau suku bangsa Enggano, dikenal dalam catatan kolonial sebagai masyarakat yang keras terhadap kedatangan orang-orang Eropa ke pulau mereka. Studi literatur mengenai Enggano terbatas hanya pada catatan kunjungan dan cerita-cerita mengenai kebudayaan masa lampau mereka yang sudah tidak dipraktikkan lagi. Beberapa studi, terutama antropologi, arkeologi, dan linguistik, mencoba mengaitkan Enggano dengan Nias dan Mentawai karena lokasi geografis mereka yang berdekatan sehingga diasumsikan bahasa atau kebudayaan pada ketiga masyarakat tersebut memiliki kemiripan dalam derajat tertentu. Hingga kini, posisi Enggano dari masyarakat lainnya di wilayah Pulau Sumatra, yang digolongkan ke dalam anggota keluarga rumpun Austronesia, masih belum jelas. Di samping itu, Bahasa Enggano ternyata memiliki keunikan tersendiri yang membuatnya seolah berbeda sama sekali bahkan dari Nias dan Mentawai. Studi linguistik pun belum mencapai kesimpulan apakah Enggano termasuk ke dalam rumpun bahasa Austronesia atau tidak. Sementara itu, beberapa ciri kebudayaan mereka, seperti sistem organisasi sosial matrilineal dan cara hidup sebagai pemburu peramu, diasumsikan memiliki keterkaitan dengan peristiwa kontak awal antara populasi pra-Austronesia dan penutur bahasa Austronesia di bagian barat Nusantara ketika migrasi Austronesia terjadi. Namun demikian, perlu studi lebih lanjut mengenai sejarah migrasi populasi suku bangsa Enggano melalui studi genetik yang dapat menggambarkan campuran gen pada suatu populasi sehingga bagaimana keterkaitan Enggano dengan masyarakat di bagian barat Nusantara dapat dijawab dan tergambar secara lebih jelas.
Antropologi Biologi di Indonesia: Sebuah Penelusuran dan Kemungkinan Pengembangan Iman Fachruliansyah
Antropologi Indonesia Vol 39, No 2 (2018): Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

Indonesia has a great diversity of ethnic groups, languages, physical characteristics, and human genetic structures. Various studies of human physical variation and their evolutionary history in the world have received substantial contributions from biological anthropology researches in Indonesia. However, biological anthropology studies in Indonesia are not established or less familiar even among Indonesian anthropology milieu. This condition is reflected in a small numbers of Indonesian biological anthropologists, despite the vision of the founders of Indonesian anthropology that programmed the development of biological anthropology as a part of the anthropology department. This article aims to review the history of biological anthropology studies in Indonesia. Therefore, as a preliminary note, considerable scientific publications in biological anthropology in Indonesia will be discussed briefly to demonstrate the development of Indonesian biological anthropology.
The Flexibility of Connubium Relationship Among Minangkabau Matrilineal Clans: A Study of Pariaman Rantau Communities in Kota Bekasi Fachruliansyah, Iman; Sayfa'at, Riyan Habie; Febrian
Biokultur Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): Intersecting Perspectives: Anthropological Studies of Identities, Space and Hu
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bk.v14i2.70567

Abstract

This study explores how Minangkabau perantauan (migrant) communities in Bekasi, West Java, reinterpret the traditional circulating connubium, a system of marital alliances between matrilineal clans, through adaptive practices such as the Bajapuik dowry tradition and intra-group clans’ marriage. Using a focused ethnographic approach, we conducted a series of preliminary, informant identification, and data collection through observation and in-depth interviews with members of the Pariaman community. While classical structural anthropology models frame the Minangkabau kinship through ideally exogamous marriage rules, we document how urban migrants strategically modify these norms to sustain matrilineal identity. Ethnographic data reveal that prohibited unions (e.g., Koto-Piliang marriages) and flexible Bajapuik payments reflect what we call the flexibility of connubium: a dynamic process wherein adat (custom) persists through selective adaptation rather than cultural erosion. Theoretically, we extend Sahlins’ (2013) notion of “mutuality of being” to argue that these practices embed migrants into shared existential projects, transcending geographic displacement. Our findings challenge the assumptions that urbanization erodes tradition, showing instead how kinship evolves through sasamo awak (“among our own”) alliances that prioritize clan solidarity over classical exogamy.
MERAJUT “KAMPUNG HARAPAN”: PENDEKATAN BUDAYA DAN PARTISIPATORIS DALAM RESOLUSI KONFLIK LATEN DI KAWASAN TRANSMIGRASI TELUK WONDAMA, PAPUA BARAT Nurrahmi, Iflah Hayati; Vermanda, Diva; Fasya, Muhammad Ilham; Subarkah, Mohammad Gama; Fachruliansyah, Iman
Bhakti: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 3, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The Werianggi-Werabur Transmigration Area in Teluk Wondama, West Papua, faces challenges of social integration in the form of latent conflict between Indigenous Papuans (OAP) and transmigrants. This tension is manifested in residential segregation and recurring disputes regarding crop damage caused by livestock ("cattle vs. garden"). This community engagement activity aims to initiate culture-based conflict resolution through the "Damai Kita, Sejahtera Kita" Participatory Workshop. We used Participatory Action Research (PAR) as method. The pre-implementation phase utilized Social Network Analysis (SNA) to map key actors, as mediators, followed by social intervention through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) using Problem Tree and Conceptual Model tools. The results show three main achievements: (1) The strategy of commensality (eating together) successfully broke down psychological barriers and shifted interaction patterns from segregative to inclusive; (2) Problem tree analysis revealed that the root of the conflict was not ethnic sentiment, but a regulatory vacuum at the village level; (3) The establishment of the Sane Siri (One Heart) Forum, which integrates restorative customary sanctions into the village governance structure. This program concludes that a cultural approach placing the community as the subject of the solution is more effective in maintaining social cohesion in transmigration contact zones.
Co-Authors Fasya, Muhammad Ilham Febrian Nurrahmi, Iflah Hayati Sayfa'at, Riyan Habie Subarkah, Mohammad Gama Vermanda, Diva