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All Journal Prosiding Seminar Hukum Aktual Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia Majelis: Jurnal Hukum Indonesia
Belva Rajendra
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Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Urgensi Penambahan labour attache sebagai upaya pemenuhan Kewajiban Negara atas Perlindungan Hak-Hak Hukum Pekerja Migran Indonesia di Luar Negeri Akhmad Hefa Jagad Kusuma; Belva Rajendra; Junendyan Haryosatrio Dewandaru Manikingrat; Anang Setiyawan
Prosiding Seminar Hukum Aktual Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia Vol. 3 No. 6 NOVEMBER 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia

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Abstract

Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) constitute a vital component of the national economy through substantial remittance contributions, while simultaneously representing the nation on the international stage. However, the legal protection of PMI remains a critical challenge, particularly regarding the role of Labour Attachés (Atnaker) as key actors in labor diplomacy. This study examines the role and challenges faced by Atnaker in safeguarding PMI abroad using a normative legal approach and comparative analysis with migrant worker protection systems in the Philippines and Vietnam. The findings reveal that limited personnel, excessive administrative workload, and weak inter-institutional coordination significantly hinder the effectiveness of Atnaker in fulfilling their protective mandate. Furthermore, deficiencies in legal and diplomatic frameworks exacerbate the vulnerability of PMI to exploitation and rights violations. The study underscores the urgent need for institutional strengthening, including increasing the number of Atnaker, expanding their legal authority, and strengthening their diplomatic capacity as strategic measures to ensure an effective state presence in protecting its citizens abroad.
Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Para Pihak Perjanjian Elektronik P2P Lending dalam Kasus Pembobolan Dana Kredit Shopee Paylater Belva Rajendra; Kukuh Tejomurti
Majelis: Jurnal Hukum Indonesia Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Februari : Majelis : Jurnal Hukum Indonesia
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/majelis.v3i1.1510

Abstract

The development of technology-based peer-to-peer financing services (LPBBTI) in Indonesia, including platforms like Shopee Paylater, has facilitated easier access to credit. However, this progress is accompanied by cybersecurity risks, such as unauthorized use and account breaches. This study aimed to (1) analyze the operation of LPBBTI under prevailing regulations, and (2) examine the legal liability of parties in cases of Shopee Paylater credit breaches.The study employed a normative legal approach with prescriptive characteristics, combining statutory, conceptual, and case-based analyses. Primary and secondary legal materials were obtained through literature review of Law No. 8 of 1999, POJK No. 10 of 2022, POJK No. 40 of 2024, and personal data protection regulations. The analysis was conducted descriptively and qualitatively. The findings indicate that, despite OJK regulations, Shopee Paylater’s electronic agreements still contain standard clauses that unilaterally shift all account security risks to users. This practice potentially violates Article 18(1)(a) of the Consumer Protection Law and is void under Article 18(3). Consequently, consumers remain liable for payments even if transactions are conducted illegally by third parties. In line with Article 19 of the Consumer Protection Law, service providers should assume liability, as system security is under their control.
Co-Authors Akhmad Hefa Jagad Kusuma ANANG SETIYAWAN Junendyan Haryosatrio Dewandaru Manikingrat Kukuh Tejomurti