Junendyan Haryosatrio Dewandaru Manikingrat
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Urgensi Penambahan labour attache sebagai upaya pemenuhan Kewajiban Negara atas Perlindungan Hak-Hak Hukum Pekerja Migran Indonesia di Luar Negeri Akhmad Hefa Jagad Kusuma; Belva Rajendra; Junendyan Haryosatrio Dewandaru Manikingrat; Anang Setiyawan
Prosiding Seminar Hukum Aktual Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia Vol. 3 No. 6 NOVEMBER 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia

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Abstract

Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) constitute a vital component of the national economy through substantial remittance contributions, while simultaneously representing the nation on the international stage. However, the legal protection of PMI remains a critical challenge, particularly regarding the role of Labour Attachés (Atnaker) as key actors in labor diplomacy. This study examines the role and challenges faced by Atnaker in safeguarding PMI abroad using a normative legal approach and comparative analysis with migrant worker protection systems in the Philippines and Vietnam. The findings reveal that limited personnel, excessive administrative workload, and weak inter-institutional coordination significantly hinder the effectiveness of Atnaker in fulfilling their protective mandate. Furthermore, deficiencies in legal and diplomatic frameworks exacerbate the vulnerability of PMI to exploitation and rights violations. The study underscores the urgent need for institutional strengthening, including increasing the number of Atnaker, expanding their legal authority, and strengthening their diplomatic capacity as strategic measures to ensure an effective state presence in protecting its citizens abroad.
Implikasi Hukum Pidana terhadap Perluasan Kewenangan TNI Pasca Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2025: Studi Perbandingan Indonesia, Belanda, dan Amerika Serikat Junendyan Haryosatrio Dewandaru Manikingrat; Riska Andi Fitriono; Hartiwiningsih Hartiwiningsih
Amandemen: Jurnal Ilmu pertahanan, Politik dan Hukum Indonesia Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Januari : Amandemen: Jurnal Ilmu pertahanan, Politik dan Hukum Indonesia
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/amandemen.v3i1.1556

Abstract

The juridical issues concern the limits of military criminal jurisdiction, patterns of sentencing for soldiers, command responsibility, and their implications for the principles of civilian supremacy and equality before the law. This study aims to analyze the implications and provide a comparative assessment of the expansion of the Indonesian National Armed Forces’ (TNI) authority following Law Number 3 of 2025 concerning the Amendment to Law Number 34 of 2004, particularly in relation to the addition of civilian positions that may be occupied by active-duty soldiers and the expansion of Military Operations Other Than War (OMSP). This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, using data sources in the form of legislation as well as national and international legal literature, which are analyzed qualitatively with deductive reasoning in drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that, first, the criminal law implications of the post-expansion of the TNI’s authority and roles give rise to the potential emergence of official offenses (delicta propria), particularly in the implementation of OMSP and the assignment of active-duty soldiers to civilian positions, which may generate ambiguity in judicial forums and criminal accountability; and second, a comparison with the military sentencing systems in the Netherlands and the United States demonstrates the importance of clear classification of offenses, a clearer separation between military jurisdiction and civilian courts, and the strengthening of due process of law, as well as effective civilian oversight to ensure the professionalism and legal certainty of the TNI.