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All Journal Cognitionis Civitatis et Politicae Journal of Biomedical and Techno Nanomaterials
Pradeep, Lakshan
Unknown Affiliation
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Social Sciences

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The Criminology of Cybercrime; A Study of Online Financial Fraud and the Challenges for Indonesian Law Enforcement Wathan, Hubbul; Pradeep, Lakshan; Jayasinghe, Udara; Samarasinghe, Thilina
Cognitionis Civitatis et Politicae Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/politicae.v2i3.2685

Abstract

Indonesia faces escalating online financial fraud, particularly complex “Social Engineering/Mule Accounts” schemes, which strain law enforcement. A critical gap exists between the speed of these transnational digital crimes and the outdated operational capabilities of the Indonesian National Police (Polri). This study aimed to analyze the typology and high case attrition rates (unsolved cases) of online financial fraud and to critically evaluate the institutional and operational challenges faced by Indonesian law enforcement agencies in effectively investigating these offenses. sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was utilized, combining quantitative analysis of 2,150 reported fraud cases (2019–2024) with qualitative interviews (N=20) with police investigators, prosecutors, and banking compliance officers. Overall attrition stood at 68.4%, rising to 78.5% for mule account cases. The central finding is the Structural Lag Hypothesis: high attrition is a direct result of bureaucratic time lag, specifically “Jurisdictional Fragmentation” and “Slow Evidence Acquisition,” which grants criminals a critical 48-72 hour window to liquidate assets. The crime’s success is rooted in the police system’s procedural inertia, confirming that enforcement mechanisms are misaligned with the digital environment. The findings mandate urgent organizational reform, including the delegation of real-time data-sharing authority to local investigators to collapse this structural lag.
LIPID NANOPARTICLE-MEDIATED MRNA DELIVERY FOR A NOVEL UNIVERSAL VACCINE AGAINST INFLUENZA VIRUS SUBTYPES Pradeep, Lakshan; Wijerathna, Kumudu; Perera, Dilshan
Journal of Biomedical and Techno Nanomaterials Vol. 2 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/jbtn.v2i5.2974

Abstract

Influenza viruses continue to pose a major global health challenge due to rapid antigenic drift and shift, which limit the effectiveness of seasonal, strain-specific vaccines. Current vaccine strategies require frequent reformulation and often fail to provide broad and durable protection against diverse influenza virus subtypes. This study aims to develop a lipid nanoparticle–mediated mRNA delivery platform encoding conserved influenza antigens as a novel universal vaccine strategy. An experimental preclinical design was employed, involving in vitro transcription of mRNA, formulation into lipid nanoparticles, physicochemical characterization, and immunological evaluation in animal models. Particle size, encapsulation efficiency, mRNA expression, and stability were systematically assessed, followed by analysis of humoral and cellular immune responses and heterologous viral challenge studies. The mRNA–LNP vaccine exhibited uniform nanoscale properties, high mRNA integrity, and efficient antigen expression. Immunization induced robust cross-reactive antibody responses and strong CD4? and CD8? T-cell activation against multiple influenza subtypes. Vaccinated subjects demonstrated reduced viral loads, attenuated disease severity, and improved survival following heterologous influenza challenge. These findings indicate that lipid nanoparticle–mediated mRNA delivery of conserved influenza antigens represents a promising and adaptable platform for universal influenza vaccination, with significant potential to enhance pandemic preparedness and long-term influenza control.  
Co-Authors Hubbul Wathan Jayasinghe, Udara Perera, Dilshan Samarasinghe, Thilina Wijerathna, Kumudu