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Angelina, Sofia
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Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Mechanical Engineering Transportation

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Estimation of Labor Force Participation Rate (TPAK) in Java's Data-Scarce Areas Using Ordinary Cokriging Angelina, Sofia; Gusriani, Nurul; Firdaniza, Firdaniza
Jurnal Matematika Integratif Vol 21, No 2: Oktober 2025
Publisher : Department of Matematics, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jmi.v21.n2.65239.229-244

Abstract

The quality of the labor force is crucial for economic development, and the Labor Force Participation Rate (TPAK) is a key employment indicator. In 2024, TPAK data collection in Java Island faced gaps in DKI Jakarta and Banten Provinces, limiting comprehensive labor mapping. To overcome this, spatial estimation methods are needed using data from surrounding areas and auxiliary variables. The Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) has a strong inverse relationship with TPAK, each 1\% TPAK increase lowers TPT by 14,82\%, making it a suitable auxiliary variable. This study estimates the 2024 TPAK for DKI Jakarta and Banten using the ordinary cokriging method, with TPT as the secondary variable. Spatial autocorrelation analysis confirmed that TPAK and TPT exhibit spatial patterns, are normally distributed, and meet stationarity assumptions. The best cross semivariogram model was identified using k-fold cross validation, which selected the spherical model with the lowest average RMSE of 4,24. The resulting ordinary cokriging model accurately predicted TPAK values, achieving a MAPE of 3,25\%. These estimates enable spatial visualization of TPAK in previously unobserved areas, contributing to a more complete understanding of labor participation across Java Island.
Co-Authors Firdaniza Firdaniza Nurul Gusriani, Nurul