Jurnal Matematika Integratif
Vol 21, No 2: Oktober 2025

Estimation of Labor Force Participation Rate (TPAK) in Java's Data-Scarce Areas Using Ordinary Cokriging

Angelina, Sofia (Unknown)
Gusriani, Nurul (Unknown)
Firdaniza, Firdaniza (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
31 Dec 2025

Abstract

The quality of the labor force is crucial for economic development, and the Labor Force Participation Rate (TPAK) is a key employment indicator. In 2024, TPAK data collection in Java Island faced gaps in DKI Jakarta and Banten Provinces, limiting comprehensive labor mapping. To overcome this, spatial estimation methods are needed using data from surrounding areas and auxiliary variables. The Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) has a strong inverse relationship with TPAK, each 1\% TPAK increase lowers TPT by 14,82\%, making it a suitable auxiliary variable. This study estimates the 2024 TPAK for DKI Jakarta and Banten using the ordinary cokriging method, with TPT as the secondary variable. Spatial autocorrelation analysis confirmed that TPAK and TPT exhibit spatial patterns, are normally distributed, and meet stationarity assumptions. The best cross semivariogram model was identified using k-fold cross validation, which selected the spherical model with the lowest average RMSE of 4,24. The resulting ordinary cokriging model accurately predicted TPAK values, achieving a MAPE of 3,25\%. These estimates enable spatial visualization of TPAK in previously unobserved areas, contributing to a more complete understanding of labor participation across Java Island.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

jmi

Publisher

Subject

Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Mechanical Engineering Transportation

Description

Jurnal Matematika Integratif (JMI) is a national journal intended as a communication forum for mathematicians and other scientists from many practitioners who use mathematics in research. JMI received a manuscript in areas of study mathematics widely, and math-based multidisciplinary studies derived ...