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All Journal Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan Prosiding Seminar Nasional Official Statistics
Hariaddin, Muhammad
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Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences

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Analisis Pengaruh Pendidikan, Upah Pekerja dan Akses Sanitasi Layak Terhadap Pendapatan Per Kapita di Indonesia Tahun 2023 Rifdianti, Shinta; Irianto, Hikmal Mardian; Hariaddin, Muhammad; Kartiasih, Fitri
Seminar Nasional Official Statistics Vol 2025 No 1 (2025): Seminar Nasional Official Statistics 2025
Publisher : Politeknik Statistika STIS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34123/semnasoffstat.v2025i1.2455

Abstract

Economic welfare disparity across regions in Indonesia remains a challenge in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 8: decent work and economic growth. One of the key indicators reflecting economic well-being is per capita income. This study aims to analyze the influence of socio-economic variables namely the percentage of high school graduates, average worker wages, and access to proper sanitation on per capita income across 34 Indonesian provinces in 2023. Data were obtained from official publications of Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and analyzed using multiple linear regression to examine the significance of the relationships between variables. The results indicate that all three independent variables have a positive and significant effect on per capita income. These findings highlight the importance of improving secondary education quality, wage protection, and equitable access to sanitation services in promoting inclusive and welfare-based economic growth.
Who gains most from fuel subsidies and manufacturing sector strengthening? Evidence from Indonesia’s social accounting matrix Gaol, Ruth Natasya Sepbrina Br Lumban; Sari, Nindy Candra Ayu Puspa; Hariaddin, Muhammad; Kartiasih, Fitri; Monika, Anugerah Karta; Retnaningsih, Retnaningsih; Wahyuni, Ribut Nurul Tri
Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan Vol. 27 No. 2: October 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jesp.v27i2.29193

Abstract

This study analyses the distributional impacts of fuel subsidies and manufacturing-sector strengthening on household income and sectoral output in Indonesia. Using Indonesia’s 2022 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM), the study applies multiplier decomposition and policy simulation to trace how these policies transmit income effects across household income groups and economic sectors. The results show that high-income households received the largest nominal income gains, amounting to IDR 654.78 trillion, while low-income households experienced the highest percentage income growth, at 3.99%. The manufacturing sector recorded the highest global multiplier values across all channels, including income creation (1.47), institutions (4.88), the production sector (10.58), and commodities (9.87), confirming its role as a key driver of economic activity through strong backward and forward linkages. However, the distribution of benefits across household groups remained structurally uneven. High-income households consistently recorded higher open-loop and closed-loop multipliers than low-income households, reflecting their greater capacity to capture, circulate, and reinvest the effects of fiscal injections. These findings suggest that fuel subsidies and manufacturing-sector strengthening generate broadly positive but unevenly distributed economic effects: proportionally pro-poor but nominally pro-rich. Tighter subsidy targeting, combined with continued investment in inclusive manufacturing linkages, is essential to ensure that these policies deliver more equitable and broad-based income growth across household groups in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Fitri Kartiasih Gaol, Ruth Natasya Sepbrina Br Lumban Irianto, Hikmal Mardian Monika, Anugerah Karta Retnaningsih Retnaningsih Rifdianti, Shinta Sari, Nindy Candra Ayu Puspa Wahyuni, Ribut Nurul Tri