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All Journal Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Automotive Science and Education Journal
Sonika Maulana
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Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering

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EVALUATION OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BIO-CHAR DERIVED FROM THE PYROLYSIS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA SEEDS Muhammad Ziddun Ni’am; Wahyudi; Fitriyana, Deni Fajar; Sonika Maulana; Sukarni; Samsudin Anis
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): December 2025 [Nationally Accredited Sinta 3]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v14i2.29285

Abstract

This study aims to assess the potential of bio-char derived from Moringa oleifera seeds through an evaluation of its physical and chemical properties. Moringa oleifera seeds were processed into fine powder, dried, and then subjected to pyrolysis at 400°C using a microwave reactor. Nitrogen gas was introduced before and during the pyrolysis process to create a low-oxygen environment. The pyrolysis continued until no more condensable vapors were detected, indicating that the thermal decomposition process had reached completion. The resulting bio-char was collected and analyzed to determine its physical and chemical characteristics, including proximate analysis (moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon), calorific value, and density. The results showed that the bio-char from Moringa oleifera seed powder had a very high fixed carbon content of 79.13% and low volatile matter. The calorific value reached 25.04 MJ/kg, which is comparable to that of low-rank coal. Additionally, the bio-char had a density of 0.905 g/cm³, which is relatively high compared to most biomass-derived bio-chars. These characteristics indicate that bio-char from Moringa oleifera seeds holds significant potential for use as a solid fuel in the form of briquettes or pellets, as a biomass energy source, and as a long-term carbon storage medium for climate change mitigation.
Analysis on The Effect of Bio-addictive Mixtures Eugenol in Pertamax Green 95 Fuel on Engine Performance Nursiam, Kuat; Sonika Maulana; Sumbodo, Wirawan; Naryanto, Rizqi Fitri; Fitriyana, Deni Fajar
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): December 2025 [Nationally Accredited Sinta 3]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v14i2.40034

Abstract

Improving energy efficiency and reducing exhaust emissions from motor vehicles have become a primary focus in the transition towards green energy in the transportation sector. This study aims to analyze the effect of adding eugenol, the main compound in clove oil, to Pertamax Green fuel on engine performance, fuel consumption efficiency, and exhaust emissions in a 2018 Honda Vario 125 motorcycle. The research method is an experimental approach with variations in the fuel mixture of pure Pertamax Green (P0), Pertamax Green + 0.2% eugenol (P1), 0.5% eugenol (P2), and 1% eugenol (P3). Testing was conducted using a dynamometer to measure torque and power, a static method for fuel consumption, and a gas analyzer to analyze CO and HC emission levels. The results showed that adding eugenol generally improved engine torque and power. The P2 mixture (0.5% eugenol) produced the highest torque of 8.48 N.m at 5000 rpm and maximum power of 7.2 HP at 8000 rpm, an increase of 38% and 18%, respectively, compared to pure Pertamax Green. Fuel consumption efficiency also increased by 4.1% with the P2 mixture, while excessive eugenol (1%) decreased efficiency due to slower combustion. In terms of emissions, CO levels decreased by up to 16.7%, and HC levels reduced by up to 22.54% as the concentration of eugenol increased.
PENGARUH VARIASI BENTUK PERMUKAAN PISTON DAN BAHAN BAKAR TERHADAP PERFORMA SEPEDA MOTOR Naufal, Muhammad Abdullah; Sonika Maulana; Rizqi Fitri Naryanto
Automotive Science and Education Journal Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): Automotive Science and Education Journal
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh bentuk permukaan piston (standar, cekung, dan cembung) serta jenis bahan bakar RON 92 (Pertamax dan Shell Super) terhadap performa mesin Honda Vario 125 tahun 2021. Pengujian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan dynotest dan metode buret untuk mengukur torsi, daya, dan konsumsi bahan bakar. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa piston cembung dengan Shell Super menghasilkan performa tertinggi, yaitu daya maksimum 9,7 HP dan torsi 7,0 Nm. Hal ini disebabkan oleh peningkatan rasio kompresi dan efisiensi pembakaran. Piston cekung memberikan performa terendah. Dari sisi konsumsi bahan bakar, Pertamax lebih efisien pada RPM rendah, sedangkan Shell Super menunjukkan efisiensi yang konsisten di berbagai RPM. Kombinasi piston cembung dan Shell Super terbukti paling optimal dalam meningkatkan performa tanpa mengorbankan efisiensi. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa bentuk piston dan jenis bahan bakar berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja mesin sepeda motor, serta dapat dijadikan acuan bagi pengguna dan praktisi otomotif dalam peningkatan performa mesin.
Co-Authors Fitriyana, Deni Fajar Muhammad Ziddun Ni’am Naufal, Muhammad Abdullah Nursiam, Kuat Rizqi Fitri Naryanto Samsudin Anis Sukarni WAHYUDI Wirawan Sumbodo