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All Journal The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Diponegoro International Medical Journal (DIMJ)
Setiawan, Rivaldo Heru
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Opuntia cochenillifera Cream Accelerates Incision and Burn Wound Healing in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice by Enhancing Fibroblast Saraswati, Indah; Armalina, Desy; Setiawan, Rivaldo Heru; Sinna, Najwan Muhammad; Arummaisya, Sahila Nifa
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 6 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i6.3824

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) often leads to chronic, slow-healing wounds due to impaired tissue regeneration and sustained inflammation, which can progress to diabetic ulcers. Opuntia cochenillifera has been reported to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, making it a promising candidate for natural wound therapies. However, standardized topical formulations and in vivo evaluations are limited. This study was conducted to develop and assess the wound-healing effects of Opuntia cochenillifera cream in diabetic mice.METHODS: Forty-eight male Balb/C mice were randomly assigned to different groups: healthy control (HC), negative control (C−), positive control (C+), and treatment (T) groups. DM was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 180 mg/kgBW streptozotocin. After confirming hyperglycemia, incisions and burn wounds were created and monitored for 7 and 14 days. Wound healing was assessed macroscopically (incision length, width, and burn diameter) and microscopically (fibroblast proliferation and re-epithelialization). The formulated Opuntia cochenillifera cream was evaluated for pH, homogeneity, adhesion, and spreadability using standard topical formulation tests.RESULTS: The formulated cream exhibited good homogeneity, adhesion (4.97 s), spreadability (5.10 cm), and skin-compatible pH (6.44). Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and alkaloids. In vivo, Opuntia cochenillifera cream significantly accelerated wound closure and increased fibroblast proliferation compared to the C− group (p<0.05). Its effects were comparable to those of the standard treatment for burn wounds and superior for incision wounds, demonstrating enhanced fibroblast activity and more organized re-epithelialization.CONCLUSION: Opuntia cochenillifera cream effectively improves wound healing in diabetic mice through the enchantment fibroblast activity and organized re-epithelialization. These findings support the potential of this formulation as a natural topical therapy for diabetic wounds, warranting further mechanistic investigation.KEYWORDS: Opuntia cochenillifera, diabetic wound, wound healing, topical cream, phytochemical
Prenatal–Postnatal Heavy Metal Exposure in Relation to Neurodevelopmental Disorder and ADHD: A Systematic Review Husodho, Gabriela Valencia Putri; Prasadah, Ichsan Marzuki; Kumalasari, Anatalya Diah Ayu; Listiyanti, Talitha Aristawati; Setiawan, Rivaldo Heru; Bakri, Saekhol
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i2.29755

Abstract

Introduction: Susceptibility to environmental insults during fetal brain development has been linked to an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children and is influenced not only by genetics, but also by environmental factors, particularly prenatal exposure to heavy metals. Heavy metals, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic, are known neurotoxins that can disrupt fetal brain development; however, evidence regarding their role in ADHD remains inconsistent.Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines to evaluate the association between prenatal heavy metal exposure and the risk of ADHD in children. The PECO framework was used to define population, exposure, comparators, and outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest, using relevant keywords. Eligible studies included human observational research (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) between 2021 and 2025 assessing prenatal exposure to heavy metals, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and ADHD.Results: Several studies have reported that elevated prenatal levels of cadmium, lead, and manganese are associated with increased ADHD symptoms and reduced cognitive performance. The findings on mercury were mixed, potentially due to confounding factors, including fish intake and maternal nutrition. Selenium and copper demonstrate dual effects, being essential at low levels but harmful at high concentrations. Thallium exposure in the third trimester significantly impaired cognitive and psychomotor development. Some studies have highlighted sex-specific and nonlinear dose-response effects.Conclusion: Heavy metals have an inconsistent impact on neurodevelopment. While some studies have associated prenatal exposure to cadmium and lead with neurodevelopmental issues, others have not found such links. Both prenatal and postnatal exposure to heavy metals, particularly cadmium, mercury, and lead, are associated with childhood ADHD.Keywords: ADHD, prenatal exposure, heavy metals, neurodevelopment, environmental toxins
Co-Authors Arummaisya, Sahila Nifa Desy Armalina Husodho, Gabriela Valencia Putri Indah Saraswati Kumalasari, Anatalya Diah Ayu Listiyanti, Talitha Aristawati Prasadah, Ichsan Marzuki Saekhol Bakri, Saekhol Sinna, Najwan Muhammad