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-, William
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Health Professions

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Sindrom Putus Steroid Anabolik Androgenik: Tinjauan untuk Praktisi Kesehatan: Tinjauan Pustaka -, William; Angellee, Jesselyn
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 01 (2026): Kedokteran Umum
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i01.1680

Abstract

The non-medical use of anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) has significantly increased among athletes, bodybuilders, and individuals who focus on physical performance as well as body aesthetics. Although AAS has certain therapeutic benefits, use outside of medical supervision can lead to AAS withdrawal syndrome. This condition is characterized by physical and psychological symptoms, such as fatigue, decreased libido, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. Its primary mechanism is the suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, which reduces endogenous testosterone production after discontinuation of AAS. Disruption of this axis not only decreases endogenous testosterone production but also alters gonadotropin hormone dynamics and androgen receptor responsiveness. Several risk factors, such as high doses, prolonged duration of use, specific usage patterns (cycling, stacking, pyramiding), and a history of psychological disorders, may exacerbate withdrawal symptoms. Management of AAS withdrawal syndrome includes short-term hormonal therapy, agents that stimulate endogenous testosterone production, psychological interventions, and physical rehabilitation. A multidisciplinary approach and close medical monitoring are required to restore endocrine function, prevent complications, and improve the patient’s psychological well-being. This paper provides a comprehensive overview to assist healthcare practitioners in recognizing, diagnosing, and appropriately managing AAS withdrawal syndrome.
Menjelajahi Efektivitas Minyak Zaitun dalam Mencegah Luka Tekanan: Sebuah Ulasan Sistematis: Tinjauan Sistematik Wijaya, Lorettha; Isabella, Maria Victoria; Yolanda, Rennie; Soeselo, Daniel Ardian; -, William; Cahyadi, Alius
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 53 No 02 (2026): Kedokteran Umum
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v53i02.1755

Abstract

Introduction: Pressure ulcers frequently occur in bedridden patients as a result of immobility and friction, causing delays in recovery and leading to complications. Natural skin care, including olive oil, have shown promising results in preventing ulcers. This paper aims to assessthe efficacy of olive oil in reducing the risk factors associated with pressure ulcers and preventing their occurrence in bedridden patients. Methods: A systematic review using PRISMA guidelines, examining studies from 2012 to 2025. All studies measuring the effect of oliveoil in preventing pressure ulcers in bedridden patients and calculating the risk using the Braden Scale Score were included. The RoB 2 and ROBINS-I quality assessment tools assessed the risk of bias. Results: Ten studies with a low risk of bias, comprising 662 participants, were included. Nine studies showed a preventive effect of pressure ulcers, while one study showed that pressure ulcers were still developing despite olive oil application. Conclusion: Olive oil is beneficial in reducing pressure ulcer risk factors and preventing pressure ulcers in bedridden patients.
Co-Authors Alius Cahyadi Angellee, Jesselyn Daniel Ardian Soeselo Isabella, Maria Victoria Lorettha Wijaya Yolanda, Rennie