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Setyawan, Albertus Deny Heri
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Self-Healing Behavior of Hydrothermally Engineered HAp/PAA Coatings on Magnesium Alloy WE43 Erryani, Aprilia; Rokhmanto, Fendy; Setyawan, Albertus Deny Heri; Thaha, Yudi Nugraha; Zakiyuddin, Ahmad; Kartika, Ika; Harjanto, Sri
Metalurgi Vol 39, No 3 (2024): Metalurgi Vol. 39 No. 3 2024
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2024.780

Abstract

This work examines the self-healing properties and corrosion prevention mechanisms of hydrothermally synthesized HAp/PAA (hydroxyapatite/polyacrylic acid) composite coatings on magnesium alloy WE43. The coatings were produced with different PAA concentrations (0.15, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.%) by a hydrothermal method at 140 °C for 3 hours. The composite layers were analyzed using FTIR (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) to assess their structural and electrochemical properties, as well as their self-healing capabilities via a scratch–immersion test in Hank’s solution at 37 °C for 48 hours. FTIR analysis confirmed the simultaneous presence of HAp and PAA phases without any chemical reaction, indicating physical contact through hydrogen bonding. The elevation of PAA concentration markedly affected coating morphology, resulting in denser and more uniform structures characterized by spherical HAp crystals at 0.5 wt.% PAA. SEM analysis following scratching and immersion demonstrated that the 0.5 wt.% PAA coating successfully preserved surface integrity and displayed partial restoration of the injured region via the reprecipitation of Ca–P compounds. The EIS findings indicated that the 0.5 wt.% PAA coating maintained the maximum impedance modulus (>10⁴ Ω·cm²) and a steady phase angle after 48 hours of immersion, therefore affirming its exceptional corrosion resistance and self-healing properties. The results demonstrate that an ideal PAA content fosters a dense, ion-responsive hybrid layer that effectively reinstates barrier characteristics following mechanical impairment. The hydrothermally produced 0.5 wt.% HAp/PAA coating offers an efficient self-healing and corrosion-resistant surface for WE43 magnesium alloy, indicating significant potential for use in next-generation biodegradable implant systems.
Corrosion Behavior of Equiatomic Bio-High Entropy Alloys CoCrMoMnNb Fabricated in Multiple Remelting Processes Rokhmanto, Fendy; Erryani, Aprilia; Setyawan, Albertus Deny Heri; Thaha, Yudi Nugraha; Zakiyuddin, Ahmad; Kartika, Ika; Harjanto, Sri
Metalurgi Vol 39, No 3 (2024): Metalurgi Vol. 39 No. 3 2024
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2024.782

Abstract

High-entropy alloys are described as equiatomic alloys of more than five elements or materials with five or more element constituents with a high mixing entropy (ΔSmix ≥ 1.5R), where the composition of the element is 5–35%, respectively. One application of HEA (high entropy alloys) materials is in the orthopedic field, where they are developed as biomaterials. Behavior, the correlation between the elemental distribution, and the microstructure of the material were investigated during multiple remelting processes known as Bio-HEAs. The development of Bio-HEAs is exciting in terms of design material, fabrication, and their properties. In this paper, the corrosion behavior and the correlation of the elemental distribution and the microstructure of the material were investigated during the multiple remelting process. The equiatomic CoCrMoMnNb was prepared in vacuum arc melting under an argon atmosphere and melted in a water-cooled copper mold. The total amount of ingot was approximately 25 grams, then flipped and remelted several times, 4, 8, and 12 cycles. The final composition of the alloys was confirmed by EDX (energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy). The microstructure was investigated with an optical microscope and the SEM (scanning electron microscope). The corrosion parameter occurred in Hank’s solution at 37°C, at a scan rate of 1 mV/s. The CCM-MnNb fabricated with 8 cycles of the remelting process exhibits the lowest corrosion rate (0.0038 mmpy) and donor densities (2.67 × 10¹⁹ cm⁻³), while the charge transfer resistance number is the highest (18250.94 Ω cm⁻²). The outstanding corrosion resistance of the alloys is induced by the presence of the finer dendrites and the chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) protective layer on the alloy's surface.