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All Journal AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis VISA: Journal of Vision and Ideas
Prastiyo, Ragil Barry
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Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Public Health Social Sciences

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Potensi Pelanggaran Prinsip Timeliness dalam ICESCR: Analisis Layanan JKN di Indonesia Johan, Willy; Prastiyo, Ragil Barry; Sholikah, Dwi Imroatus
AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis
Publisher : Perhimpunan Sarjana Ekonomi dan Bisnis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37481/jmh.v6i1.1792

Abstract

The persistent problem of long waiting times in Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (JKN) services has raised concerns about the fulfillment of the right to health guaranteed under Article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). Although the AAAQ framework Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability, and Quality does not explicitly mention timeliness, delays in medical services directly affect accessibility and quality. This study aims to examine whether service delays within JKN indicate potential non-compliance with Indonesia’s international human rights obligations. Using a normative legal method supported by targeted case illustrations, this research analyzes the alignment between ICESCR standards and the implementation of JKN policies, particularly regarding disparities in service delivery and prolonged waiting times. The findings show that unequal distribution of health facilities, inconsistent service quality between insured and non-insured patients, and extended queues at primary and referral facilities undermine the substantive elements of accessibility and quality. These conditions may constitute a potential breach of the core obligations outlined in ICESCR, despite the absence of a binding enforcement mechanism. Strengthening facility capacity, improving digital service systems, and ensuring equitable distribution of health personnel are identified as essential measures to ensure timely, non-discriminatory, and rights-based health services.
Implementasi Prinsip Hukum Internasional dalam Pengaturan Perdagangan Digital Global: Tantangan dan Implikasi terhadap Keadilan Ekonomi Tejamaya, Johanes Artnandhi; Prastiyo, Ragil Barry; Sholikah, Dwi Imroatus
VISA: Journal of Vision and Ideas Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Vision and Ideas (VISA)
Publisher : IAI Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

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Abstract

Global digital trade has become a crucial pillar of modern economic growth; however, its rapid development presents new challenges for the international legal system. The lack of regulatory harmony among nations, technological disparities, and weak protection of economic justice highlight the need to strengthen international legal principles that are adaptive to the digital era. This study aims to analyze the application of international legal principles in regulating global digital trade and to examine their implications for economic justice among nations. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches by reviewing various international legal instruments such as the WTO Agreement on E-Commerce and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce. The findings reveal that the implementation of principles of equality, non-discrimination, and economic justice remains limited due to political interests and disparities in legal capacity among countries. The discussion emphasizes the importance of reformulating international legal principles to accommodate the dynamics of digital trade in a fair and inclusive manner. This study concludes that international law must transform from a mere regulatory instrument into an ethical tool for promoting global economic justice through collaborative and sustainable digital governance.
Co-Authors Johan, Willy Sholikah, Dwi Imroatus Tejamaya, Johanes Artnandhi