Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
0.23
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This Author published in this journals
All Journal PPSDP International Journal of Education
Yaffid, Rienal
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Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Social Sciences Other

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Between Ambition and Fiscal Reality: Strategic Environment, Budgeting, and Military Modernization in Indonesia (2020-2025) Yaffid, Rienal; Saputro, Guntur Eko; Suwarno, Panji
PPSDP International Journal of Education Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): PPSDP International Journal of Education
Publisher : Perkumpulan Program Studi Doktor Pendidikan (PPSDP)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59175/pijed.v5i1.808

Abstract

This journal article analyses the trends in the strategic environment (lingstra) that underlie the formulation of Minimum Essential Force (MEF) stages I, II, and III, and evaluates the process of preparing Indonesia’s defence spending from 2020 to 2025. The analysis uses a qualitative approach and secondary data documentation from the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Finance, and the National Development Planning Agency. The article presents the dynamics of policies and the process of formulating the defence expenditure budget, including a comparison between the proposed and approved budgets. It also includes data on financing components from Pure Rupiah Funds, as well as domestic and foreign financing. The findings show that global and regional strategic environmental factors, such as geopolitical competition, military modernization in neighbouring countries, and advancements in defence technology, significantly influence Indonesia’s defence priorities.
Co-Authors Guntur Eko Saputro Suwarno, Panji