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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR) Journal Serambi Engineering (JSE)
Indriani, Sulfi
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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Exploration of Cellulose-Based Matrix Materials: A Comparative Study in the Development of Radar Absorbing Materials for Military Applications Indriani, Sulfi; Sri Yanto; I Nengah Putra
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Januari 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

Exploring cellulose-based matrix materials for Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM) is a strategic way to advance defence technology, emphasising both technical effectiveness and environmental sustainability. This study uses a systematic literature review (SLR) approach to identify, evaluate and analyse previous research on the use of cellulose-based matrices compared with conventional materials such as epoxy, polyurethane (PU) and graphene. Comprehensive data was collected from indexed scientific databases (ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley and Google Scholar), covering publications from 2013 to 2025. The findings reveal that, when combined with graphene or carbon nanotube (CNT) fillers, cellulose aerogels can achieve reflection loss (RL) values as low as −70 dB, outperforming most conventional materials. Furthermore, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with an ultrathin thickness of only 0.028 mm demonstrates high absorption efficiency of 98.2%. While limitations remain in terms of bandwidth and thermal stability, cellulose offers significant advantages, including low density, low cost, biodegradability and the availability of renewable resources. These results highlight cellulose as a highly promising alternative matrix material for RAM in military applications, while simultaneously supporting the green defence agenda and strengthening the resilience of the defence industry.
Strategic Risk Assessment of Hazardous Energetic Chemicals in Defense Supply Chains: A Coupled Risk Framework for Ammonium Perchlorate (AP), RDX, and HMX Indriani, Sulfi; Yanto, Sri; Putra, I Nengah; Kurniawati, Firdah Dipi Juni
Indonesian Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijar.v5i4.16438

Abstract

Energetic materials such as ammonium perchlorate (AP), RDX, and HMX are essential in modern defense systems but pose multidimensional risks across industrial supply chains. This study presents a literature-based assessment integrating hazard profiling with node-based risk characteristics; RDX shows high acute process instability, AP poses environmental risks due to perchlorate mobility in groundwater, and HMX presents strategic coupling risk from production interdependence. A Coupled Risk Triangle Model is proposed, framing energetic chemical governance as a dynamic system linking reactive instability, environmental persistence, and strategic supply concentration. The findings indicate that risks extend beyond occupational safety to environmental regulation and national security resilience. Effective mitigation therefore requires lifecyle-integrated governance, supply diversification, and resilience-oriented industrial strategies.
Co-Authors I Nengah Putra Kurniawati, Firdah Dipi Juni Putra, I Nengah SRI YANTO YANTO, SRI