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All Journal YURISDIKSI : Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains
Satria Amiputra Amimakmur
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Health Professions Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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The Constitutional Rights of Children Born Wedlock As Legal Subjects Wico, Standy; Rachmi Sulistyarini; Satria Amiputra Amimakmur
YURISDIKSI : Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): March In Progress
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Merdeka University Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55173/yurisdiksi.v21i4.323

Abstract

This study examines legal subjects, focusing on illegitimate children as legal subjects in the Indonesian legal system. Legal subjects include individuals or legal entities with legally recognized rights and obligations. In this context, children, as human beings, are legal subjects with basic rights guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution and related laws and regulations, including the Child Protection Law and the Marriage Law. Illegitimate children, born from unregistered marriages, often face challenges in legal recognition and the fulfillment of their rights. However, Indonesian law emphasizes that parents' marital status should not be a basis for discrimination against children, so that illegitimate children still have the right to legal recognition, identity, protection, and access to social, economic, and educational rights. This study emphasizes the importance of the principles of justice and legal certainty in providing protection for all legal subjects, including illegitimate children, to ensure their rights are fulfilled fairly and equitably. Thus, legal recognition of illegitimate children not only reflects compliance with national and international legal provisions but also supports the creation of social justice and child welfare. This research is expected to form the basis for a deeper understanding of the role of law in protecting children's rights as legal subjects without discrimination, as well as providing recommendations for more inclusive legal practices and policies.
Legal Status of Shareholder Agreements on GMS Quorum Deviations Susiani; Budi Santoso; Satria Amiputra Amimakmur
YURISDIKSI : Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): March In Progress
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Merdeka University Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55173/yurisdiksi.v21i4.333

Abstract

This study examines the legal status of the shareholders agreement, which regulates the quorum of the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) differently from the provisions of the Limited Liability Company Law (UUPT) and the Company's Articles of Association (AD), with a case study of a share ownership dispute and the implementation of the GMS at PT Indo Mineralita Prima. The dispute began with the sale and purchase of shares based on a share pledge agreement, which then resulted in a secret transfer of ownership and the implementation of the GMS without notification to one of the shareholders. The shareholders had previously agreed to a shareholders agreement that required that changes to the Board of Directors and Board of Commissioners must be approved by 100% of the shareholders. However, in practice, some shareholders made changes to the company's structure, share transfers, and capital increases without following these provisions. This gave rise to a lawsuit for breach of contract by PT Investasi Internasional Indonesia, as the 28% shareholder, who felt aggrieved due to share dilution and decision-making without a valid quorum. The Panel of Judges in its decision stated that the defendants had committed a breach of contract and annulled several GMS deeds as a result of the violation of the shareholders agreement. However, the author's analysis shows that the shareholder agreement cannot override the Company Law and the Articles of Association, so that the 100% quorum requirement, which is not regulated in the Articles of Association, is not binding on the company. Therefore, the shareholder agreement is only legally binding on the parties as long as it does not conflict with statutory regulations and the Articles of Association. This research emphasizes the importance of harmonizing private shareholder agreements and corporate law to create legal certainty in corporate governance.
Co-Authors Budi Santoso Rachmi Sulistyarini Susiani Wico, Standy