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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Applied Science and Technology Indonesian Journal of Educational Innovation
Bayu Septiawan
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Design and Development of a Free-Fall Experiment Apparatus Based on a Photodiode Sensor Bayu Septiawan; Naufal Rizky Akbar; Fauzan Najib Habibi
Indonesian Journal of Educational Innovation Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Yayasan Siti Widhatul Faeha Salahudin Syawal

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Abstract

The integration of technology in education, particularly through sensor- and microcontroller-based experimental tools, has proven effective in enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of science learning. This study aims to design a free-fall motion experiment apparatus utilizing a photodiode sensor and Arduino Nano to improve time and gravitational acceleration measurements. The design includes hardware components (electromagnetic ball release, laser, photodiode sensor, and LCD) and software using the Arduino IDE. Experiments at heights of 0.2 m, 0.4 m, and 0.6 m yielded average gravitational acceleration values of 9.715 m/s², 9.787 m/s², and 9.819 m/s², respectively, close to the theoretical value of 9.8 m/s² with low standard deviations (0.351, 0.323, 0.311) m/s². The sensor’s fast response (0.001 milliseconds) demonstrates the tool’s effectiveness in minimizing manual error. These findings suggest that integrating a photodiode sensor with an Arduino Nano can produce an accurate and efficient tool for physics experiments. Further development, such as automated height adjustment, is recommended to enhance measurement precision.
Rancang Bangun Spin Coater Vakum Chuck Berbasis Mikrokontroler dengan Tuning PID Metode Ziegler-Nichols Septiawan, Bayu; Mardiana, Laili; Hudha, Lalu Sahrul
Indonesian Journal of Applied Science and Technology Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Edisi Januari-Juni 2025
Publisher : Indonesian

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Spin coating is a thin-film deposition method that utilizes centrifugal force to produce uniform coatings; however, commercial instruments are expensive and therefore difficult to access for educational laboratories. This study aims to design and develop an ESP32-based spin coater equipped with a vacuum chuck system and motor speed control using a PID algorithm, with parameter tuning based on the Ziegler–Nichols method. The research methodology includes hardware and software design, component selection such as a brushed DC motor XD-3420, KY-003 Hall effect sensor, BTS7960 motor driver, and a vacuum system to hold the substrate. Performance testing was conducted through RPM sensor calibration, determination of optimal PWM frequency, and comparison between conventional control and PID control. The results show that the developed system is capable of reaching a maximum speed of 8500 rpm with a resolution of 0.1 rpm, linearity of 99.94%, and accuracy of 98.72% compared to a tachometer. The optimal operating frequency range of the system is 6000–8000 Hz with a sensitivity of 366.08 rpm/volt. PID control provides the best performance with a response time of 300 ms, an overshoot of 21.14%, and a steady-state error of 42.8 rpm. In conclusion, the proposed spin coater delivers precise and stable speed control, making it suitable for thin-film–based materials research in educational laboratories.
Co-Authors Fauzan Najib Habibi Lalu Sahrul Hudha Mardiana, Laili Naufal Rizky Akbar