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All Journal Jurnal Restorasi: Hukum dan Politik
Tanko Shawulu Paul
Department of Sociology, Nigerian Army University Biu, Nigeria
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Challenges and Prospect of Security Intervention in Armed Conflict in Benue State-Nigeria Tanko Shawulu Paul; Sani Inusa Milala
Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik, April 2025
Publisher : Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik

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The new dimensional conflicts between farmers and herders in this 21st Century is concentrated in the Northeast, Northwest and North Central regions of Taraba, Kaduna, Plateau, Nasarawa, and Benue States possibly for peculiar reasons. The Middle Belt region of Nigeria (North Central geopolitical) region is an area where the indigenous people are predominantly farmers while the settlers (mainly Fulani) are known for their cattle breeding and pastoral activities. Social and economic factors continue to trigger violent conflicts among the herdsmen and farmers, each group struggling to hold dominance. Three factors have aggravated this decades-long conflict arising from environmental degradation in the far north and encroachment upon grazing grounds in the Middle Belt: militia attacks; the poor government response to distress calls and failure to punish past perpetrators; and new laws banning open grazing in Benue and Taraba states. This research examined the challenges of security intervention in armed conflict in Benue state. The research focused on Benue state. The research is broken into five chapters. The researcher Adopt Eco-Violence theory. Survey research design was used as methodology. Descriptive statistic was used for data presentation. The researcher recommend that Ranching should be encourage so as to avoid further clashes between farmers and herdsmen, conflict management committee should be set up by Government to deal with farmers/herders’ conflict, stake holders should be involved dialogue to avoid future happening.
Impact of Substance Abuse on Terrorist Activities in Borno South Senatorial District Borno State Tanko Shawulu Paul; Sani Inusa Milala
Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik, April 2025
Publisher : Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik

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This research is carried out to critically review the incidence of drug abuse among youth and impact on terrorism in Borno south senatorial district. To make this research reality, a questionnaire was administered to collect information, the information was collected from different places. The motive behind the research on the incidence of drugs abuse among youth stem from the belief that both male and female now engage more on drugs than before. This research also seeks to find out factors responsible for the causes of drugs abuse and impact on terrorism. The collected data through questionnaire were analyzed computed in percentages. And the following were seen as the major factors of drugs abuse among youth. Experimental curiosity, peer group influence, lack of parental supervision, personality problems due to socio-economic conditions, the need to work for long hours, availability of the drugs, and to resist withdrawal symptoms. the research recommend that, The parent or guidance should put more effort on train good moral behaviors to their members and increase good emotional support so that if they can easily noticed any abnormalities it could be addressed immediately especially females, Government should increase their effort on controlling the importation and exportation of illegal drugs and also those unregistered chemist that are selling illegal drugs and other drug without the medical prescription should arrest, prosecute, and penalized and other dealers should also severely punished, There is need for proper mobilization and enlightens females on the implication and consequences of such behaviors through seminar, mass media and schools, there is need for government to created job opportunities and empowerment programmed for the lower class and unemployed females to prevent them from staying idle. The research used both primary and secondary data. Differential theory was adopted.
Transborder Crisis and Security Implications for West African Sub-Region Dominic Aondona Iornumbe; Tanko Shawulu Paul; Sani Inusa Milala
Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik, April 2025
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The transborder crisis in West Africa has had far-reaching implications for the region’s security. According to a report by the United Nations, the region is facing “unprecedented levels of security and humanitarian challenges”. The crisis has been fueled by the activities of non-state actors such as violent extremists, criminal networks, and armed groups. These groups have forced the closure of thousands of schools and health centers, leaving millions of children without access to education and healthcare. The situation has been further compounded by the impact of climate change and food insecurity, which has led to socio-political instability in the region. Countries along the coast of the Gulf of Guinea have also seen an increase in attacks against their territories, threatening transport routes to landlocked nations further north. Despite these challenges, West Africa and the Sahel still present immense opportunities. The United Nations Office for West Africa and the Sahel (UNOWAS) has urged ambassadors to continue supporting a strategy centered on building resilience, promoting good governance, and strengthening peace and security. UNOWAS has also been working with other UN entities to contribute to conflict resolution at both regional and local levels. The research used secondary data. Collective security theory was adopted. The research recommends cooperation among members states to overcome challenges of transborder security.
The Economic Implication of Boko Haram Insurgency in The North East Nigeria Dominic Aondona Iornumbe; Tanko Shawulu Paul
Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik, April 2025
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Boko Haram is loosely modelled on the Taliban movement in Afghanistan; one of the groups’ primary bases in Kanama in Yobe state was named Afghanistan before its destruction. The group has also issued statements expressing solidarity with al-Qaeda and has threatened the United States. Although, a direct connection between ‘Boko Haram’ and the Taliban or al-Qaeda is not discern-able, like its extremist counterparts, ‘Boko Haram’s ideology is based on hostility towards democracy and western anti-Islamic education. Nigeria’s constitution guarantees freedom of religion and the country has a population that is split roughly in half between a Muslim and Christian South. Book Haram has repeatedly stated that it seeks the imposition of a strict Sharia law system throughout Nigeria; currently, nine northern states adhere to Sharia law, with an additional three only marginally implementing it. According to various statements, ‘Boko Haram’ also seeks the abolishment of western-style education, which it states is contrary to the teachings of Islam and its cause. Not much is known about the organizational structure of ‘Boko Haram’. The groups’ founder and former leader, Mohammed Yusuf, was thought to have been highly educated and wealthy. Although, Mohammed Yusuf was killed by security forces in 2009, his deputy, Abubakar Shehu who was initially thought to also have been killed, appeared on a video in 2010 and claimed leadership of the group. Shehu furthermore, threatened fresh attacks against the western influenced Nigerian government. cognitive dissonance theory was adopted. Secondary data were utilized.
Assessment of Human Security Challenges on Internally Displaced Persons In Benue State Tanko Shawulu Paul; Dominic Aondona Iornumbe
Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik, April 2025
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The statistics on Nigeria’s state of insecurity is alarmingly very worrisome but the pattern and mode of the challenges are clearly known banditry, terrorism, subversion, internal rebellion, economic sabotage, cybercrimes, and prevailing kidnappings aided by mass abductions. Armed robbery now appears to have taken the very back seat. In the first half of 2021 alone, an average of 13 persons were kidnapped daily bringing a record estimate of 2,944 persons kidnapped. The data is a negative increment of insecurity. More Nigerians were kidnapped in the first six months of 2021 than the whole of 2020 which saw 2,860 kidnappings in all. 618 schools have been closed in the whole of the Northern region as cases of mass abductions continued unabated and increased from 25 in the whole of 2020 to 31 in the first half of 2021. In July 2021, a project of the Council of Foreign Relations Africa Program; the Nigeria Security Tracker (NST), revealed that 5,800 innocent Nigerians were killed by kidnappers. If we add the number of deaths from our heroes and men in uniform and those at the front lines at the north central, South East and North East, the figures of Nigerian deaths would certainly be much higher. The research adopted human needs theory as propounded by Abraham Maslow. Both primary and Secondary data were used.
Relevance of Criminal Profiling in Criminal Justice System in Benue State Nigeria Tanko Shawulu Paul; Dominic Aondona Iornumbe
Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik, April 2025
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Abstract

Since its inception, criminal profiling has evolved significantly, incorporating advancements in forensic science, psychology, and technology. Modern criminal profiling techniques involve a multidisciplinary approach, drawing upon various fields such as forensic psychology, geographic profiling, and crime scene reconstruction. Geographic profiling, for instance, utilizes spatial analysis and mapping techniques to identify potential areas where an offender may reside or operate, based on the locations of committed crimes). In Nigeria, the use of criminal profiling techniques has been gradually gaining traction, although its application remains limited in many regions). Benue, the capital city of Benue State, has witnessed a surge in criminal activities, including armed robbery, kidnapping, and violent crimes. These incidents have highlighted the need for more effective investigative methods, such as criminal profiling, to aid law enforcement agencies in identifying and apprehending offenders. Several factors contribute to the challenges faced in implementing criminal profiling in Benue state and other parts of Nigeria. Limited resources, inadequate training, and a lack of standardized procedures have hindered the widespread adoption of these techniques. Additionally, cultural and societal factors may influence the perception and acceptance of criminal profiling techniques, as some communities may view them as foreign or incompatible with traditional methods of investigation. Routine activity theory was adopted. Secondary data was used.
Co-Authors Dominic Aondona Iornumbe Sani Inusa Milala