Wacika, Made Wiswani
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The Transformation of Hindu Dharma Values into Legal Norms: Ambiguity in the Awig-Awig of Kesian Customary Village Wacika, Made Wiswani; Ardini, Ni Putu Ayu Meylan; Dewi, Anak Agung Istri Ari Atu
SASI Volume 32 Issue 1, March 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/sasi.v32i1.3668

Abstract

Introduction: Customary Village in Bali regulates the social and religious life of its community through customary law known as Awig-Awig. In Kesian Customary Village, Awig-Awig reflects the transformation of Hindu Dharma values into written normative rules intended to preserve social harmony and communal order. However, several provisions remain general and abstract, creating vage normen (vague norms) that generate normative ambiguity and potentially weaken legal certainty and the protection of the rights of krama Village, particularly in matters related to customary sanctions and inheritance.Purposes of the Research: This research aims to analyze the formulation of Hindu Dharma values within the Awig-Awig of Kesian Customary Village and to examine the juridical implications of these vague norms on the consistency of customary law enforcement and the protection of village community rights.Methods of the Research: This study employs normative legal research focusing on the ambiguity of Hindu Dharma values in written customary law. It applies statutory, conceptual, and philosophical approaches using primary legal materials such as the Awig-Awig of Kesian Customary Village and secondary materials including Hindu legal literature and customary law doctrines, which are analyzed through qualitative normative interpretation.Results of the Research: The findings show that Article 26 paragraph (3) and Article 49 contain vague norms due to the absence of clearly defined prohibited acts, determination procedures, and measurable sanctions. This ambiguity gives broad discretionary authority to customary leaders and risks inconsistent enforcement. The novelty of this research lies in providing a normative critique of Awig-Awig formulation from the perspective of legal certainty and recommending clearer legal standards to strengthen the protection of village community rights.
Disability Rights Violation: Failure to Provide Reasonable Accommodation and Employment Discrimination Against the Colorblind in Indonesia Ardini, Ni Putu Ayu Meylan; Wacika, Made Wiswani; Sudiarawan, Kadek Agus; Hardiyan, Salwa Putri
Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia Vol 8, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER HUKUM FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jphi.v8i1.1-24

Abstract

The fundamental right to work in Indonesia is paradoxically undermined by pervasive no color blindness recruitments, often enforced via the Ishihara test. While this practice appears neutral, it constitutes indirect discrimination by disproportionately excluding competent individuals with partial colour blindness without any objective justification. This study aims to analyse the validity of the Ishihara test, arguing that it is a discriminatory tool that violates human rights. Using normative legal analysis and empirical case studies, the findings show that partial colour blindness is primarily a sensory limitation which rarely affects functional capabilities in most professions. Field data reveals a widespread misconception among employers that equates partial colour blindness with an inability to recognise hazards. Furthermore, many institutions enforce colour vision standards as an administrative hurdle without conducting job analyses relevant to the actual requirements of the role. The research concludes that the Ishihara test is widely misused as a definitive pass/fail determinant. This practice contravenes Law No. 13/2003 on Manpower regarding equal opportunity, and Law No. 8/2016 on Persons with Disabilities, which mandates the fulfilment of employment rights and reasonable adjustments. Automatic rejection without interactive dialogue constitutes a direct breach of legal obligations. This research advocates for an inclusive, fair, and dignified employment ecosystem in Indonesia.