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All Journal JIHAD : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Administrasi Pancasila International Journal of Applied Social Science
Ruhangisa, Valentine Flavian
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Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Politics of Urban Planning and Inclusive Development in Tanzania Ruhangisa, Valentine Flavian
Pancasila International Journal of Applied Social Science Том 4 № 01 (2026): Pancasila International Journal of Applied Social Science
Publisher : PT. Riset Press International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59653/pancasila.v4i01.2026

Abstract

Urban planning and inclusive development have become important issues to the fast urbanization and socioeconomic change of Tanzania. The politics of city governance, the spatial planning and fair allocation of services has remained to impact on the way cities develop and operate. The paper provides an analysis of the impact of the governance structure, politicking interests, and policy implementation on the outcomes of urban development in major cities in Tanzania, namely, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Arusha, and Mwanza. It relies on theories of institutional and governance and examines their overlapping to ensure inclusiveness or not through decentralization, political accountability, and participatory planning frameworks. Based on evidence through government reports, academic research and reviews of urban policies, the paper indicates that gaps between policy design and policy implementation occur continuously with political interference, institutional failures and low citizen participation. Although there are progressive policies of urban development like the National Urban Development Policy (2012) and the Tanzania Development Vision 2025, they have not been implemented due to the lack of proper resources and effective coordination between the central and local governments. The paper concludes that to attain inclusive urban development in Tanzania, the government should strengthen transparency in governance, increase the autonomy of local governments and promote the multi-stakeholder participation in the urban planning processes.
Democracy on Reserved Terms: Gender Quotas, Institutional Power, and Women’s Representation in Tanzania (2020–2025) Ruhangisa, Valentine Flavian; Mariyah, Chusnul
JIHAD : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Administrasi Vol 8, No 1 (2026): JIHAD : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Administrasi
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pendidikan (LPP) Mandala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58258/jihad.v8i1.10294

Abstract

This paper is a critical academic analysis of the institutional consequences of the gender quota mechanism in Tanzania in terms of empowering women and giving them democratic representation in politics within the time frame of 2020-2025. Though, the provision of the reserved seats has made women numerically a great presence in the parliament, there remain doubts about how these women have substantive powers, political independence, as well as their democratic right to be. The paper utilizes qualitative institutional analysis to investigate the constitution, electoral, parliamentary, party, and legislative data to evaluate the impact of institutional design on political power and responsibility. The results prove the existence of hierarchical representation and the undermining of electoral accountability and agency of women by the indirect selection mechanisms and the resultant paradox of formal inclusion and substantive marginalization. This institutional organization creates a sort of constrained participation in the democratic process, in which the representation of women is still visible symbolically, but structurally constrained. The study concludes that effective political empowerment must manifest itself through institutional changes that incorporate women into the electoral processes that are based on constituencies, democratize the system of nominating party candidates, and create greater access to leadership. These reforms are necessary in order to make numerical inclusion substantive democratic representation and to make the government more gender responsive.
Co-Authors Mariyah, Chusnul