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All Journal Jurnal Transformative JIHAD : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Administrasi Pancasila International Journal of Applied Social Science Jurnal Politique
Ruhangisa, Valentine Flavian
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Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Politics of Urban Planning and Inclusive Development in Tanzania Ruhangisa, Valentine Flavian
Pancasila International Journal of Applied Social Science Том 4 № 01 (2026): Pancasila International Journal of Applied Social Science
Publisher : PT. Riset Press International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59653/pancasila.v4i01.2026

Abstract

Urban planning and inclusive development have become important issues to the fast urbanization and socioeconomic change of Tanzania. The politics of city governance, the spatial planning and fair allocation of services has remained to impact on the way cities develop and operate. The paper provides an analysis of the impact of the governance structure, politicking interests, and policy implementation on the outcomes of urban development in major cities in Tanzania, namely, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Arusha, and Mwanza. It relies on theories of institutional and governance and examines their overlapping to ensure inclusiveness or not through decentralization, political accountability, and participatory planning frameworks. Based on evidence through government reports, academic research and reviews of urban policies, the paper indicates that gaps between policy design and policy implementation occur continuously with political interference, institutional failures and low citizen participation. Although there are progressive policies of urban development like the National Urban Development Policy (2012) and the Tanzania Development Vision 2025, they have not been implemented due to the lack of proper resources and effective coordination between the central and local governments. The paper concludes that to attain inclusive urban development in Tanzania, the government should strengthen transparency in governance, increase the autonomy of local governments and promote the multi-stakeholder participation in the urban planning processes.
Democracy on Reserved Terms: Gender Quotas, Institutional Power, and Women’s Representation in Tanzania (2020–2025) Ruhangisa, Valentine Flavian; Mariyah, Chusnul
JIHAD : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Administrasi Vol 8, No 1 (2026): JIHAD : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Administrasi
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pendidikan (LPP) Mandala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58258/jihad.v8i1.10294

Abstract

This paper is a critical academic analysis of the institutional consequences of the gender quota mechanism in Tanzania in terms of empowering women and giving them democratic representation in politics within the time frame of 2020-2025. Though, the provision of the reserved seats has made women numerically a great presence in the parliament, there remain doubts about how these women have substantive powers, political independence, as well as their democratic right to be. The paper utilizes qualitative institutional analysis to investigate the constitution, electoral, parliamentary, party, and legislative data to evaluate the impact of institutional design on political power and responsibility. The results prove the existence of hierarchical representation and the undermining of electoral accountability and agency of women by the indirect selection mechanisms and the resultant paradox of formal inclusion and substantive marginalization. This institutional organization creates a sort of constrained participation in the democratic process, in which the representation of women is still visible symbolically, but structurally constrained. The study concludes that effective political empowerment must manifest itself through institutional changes that incorporate women into the electoral processes that are based on constituencies, democratize the system of nominating party candidates, and create greater access to leadership. These reforms are necessary in order to make numerical inclusion substantive democratic representation and to make the government more gender responsive.
The Effects of Post-Election Protests on the Rule of Law and Democracy: A Study of Tanzania after the 2025 General Election Ruhangisa, Valentine Flavian
Jurnal Transformative Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Navigating Disruption: Policy Innovation, Digital Narratives, and Democratic D
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.transformative.2026.012.01.2

Abstract

The 2025 general elections in Tanzania were a pivotal moment in the nation's political history, leading to significant protests within its democratic and legal framework that highlighted deepening divisions in Tanzania's democratic and legal system. This article critically addresses the implications of these protests following the elections, in terms of democratic institutions, legal frameworks, and civil liberties in Tanzania. Based on a systemic analysis of news reports, human rights testimonies, and academic sources, the paper highlights the lack of constitutionalism, the weaponized application of legal norms, and coercive state actions such as mass arrests, internet shutdowns, and assembly restrictions. The novelty of this study lies in filling a critical conceptual gap in hybrid regime literature; while existing scholarship heavily concentrates on conventional electoral management or media limitations, this paper shifts the focus toward the unexamined legal consequences of post-election state repression and its direct impact on legal consciousness, specifically capturing how a new generation of social-media-coordinated citizen mobilization interacts with state-level autocratic legalism. The Tanzanian government's actions are shown to consolidate executive power while systematically undermining institutional checks and balances situated between competitive authoritarianism and democratic backsliding. The profound implications of these findings reveal that the state's reliance on 'rule-by-law' and total judicial deference to the executive severely jeopardize horizontal accountability, cultivating a pervasive atmosphere of fear that systematically withdraws citizens from the deliberative political arena, while the increasing militarization of civilian spaces ultimately sacrifices long-term democratic legitimacy for temporary, coercive stability . The paper concludes with strategic structural recommendations, including eliminating political interference in judicial appointments and independent restructurings of the national electoral commission to restore a democratic social contract.
Generation Z Political Engagement in Tanzania (2022–2025): Consequences for Political Polarization and Social Cohesion Ruhangisa, Valentine Flavian
Journal Politique Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): July
Publisher : Prodi Ilmu Politik, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/politique.2026.6.2.153-173

Abstract

Abstract This qualitative study examines the emergence and consolidation of Generation Z (Gen Z) political engagement in Tanzania between 2022 and 2025, with particular attention to its implications for political polarization and social cohesion. As Tanzania’s youngest politically active generation, Gen Z has increasingly relied on digital platforms, informal networks, and issue-based activism to participate in political discourse and civic life. Drawing on qualitative document analysis, discourse analysis of social media content, policy statements, media reports, and relevant scholarly literature, the article explores the forms, dominant narratives, and broader societal implications of Gen Z political engagement. The study argues that Gen Z politics in Tanzania represents a significant transformation in patterns of political participation, characterized by digitally mediated activism, generational identity framing, and strong demands for accountability directed at political elites. While these developments have expanded political voice, civic awareness, and inclusion among young people, they have simultaneously intensified political polarization, heightened generational tensions, and contributed to the fragmentation of public discourse. The findings reveal a central paradox: Gen Z political engagement enhances democratic participation while at the same time posing challenges to social cohesion and deliberative politics. By situating the Tanzanian case within broader debates on youth politics and digital democracy in Africa, the article contributes both empirically and theoretically to scholarship on political socialization, digital public spheres, and social cohesion. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of inclusive institutional channels, digital civic education, and dialogue-oriented governance strategies to harness the democratic potential of Generation Z while mitigating its polarizing effects
Co-Authors Mariyah, Chusnul