<![CDATA[Background: Lead (Pb) exposure remains an environmental health concern due to its toxicity, particularly to the kidneys, where it can cause nephrotoxicity. The accumulation of lead acetate induces oxidative stress through elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which subsequently activate the apoptosis pathway characterized by increased caspase-3 expression. Caspase-3 serves as the primary executor enzyme in apoptosis and functions as a key indicator of kidney cell injury. Natural antioxidants, such as the ethanol extract of Dutch eggplant (Solanum betaceum), are rich in flavonoids and can protect kidney tissue by neutralizing free radicals and inhibiting apoptosis. Given these properties, Solanum betaceum has emerged as a candidate for protecting the kidneys against damage caused by heavy metals. Objective: This study investigated whether ethanol-extracted Dutch eggplant could protect the kidneys of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to lead acetate by looking at its effect on caspase-3 expression. The research also examined whether the extract’s protective effect depended on the dose given. Materials and Methods: This experimental research employed a post-test control group design. The authors classified the mice into five groups (K0, K1, P1, P2, and P3). The treatment groups received Dutch eggplant extract at varying doses administered concurrently with lead acetate exposure. Caspase-3 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and assessed using an H-score, followed by statistical analysis with SPSS. Results: Lead acetate increased caspase-3 expression compared to the negative control group (K1: 122.00 vs. K0: 71.00). Administration of Dutch eggplant extract reduced caspase-3 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Dutch eggplant has demonstrated potential nephroprotective effects against lead acetate-induced kidney damage by reducing caspase-3 expression.]]>
