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Jesly Panjaitan
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Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences

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Assessing Poverty In Elderly Households: Empirical Evaluation And Policy Implications Martha Carolina; Jesly Panjaitan
Jurnal Budget : Isu dan Masalah Keuangan Negara Vol 10 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Budget: Isu dan Masalah Keuangan Negara
Publisher : Pusat Analisis Anggaran dan Akuntabilitas Keuangan Negara

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Abstract

Indonesia is undergoing a demographic transition marked by a rising proportion of elderly populations, presenting significant challenges to its economic system and social welfare policies. This study aims to assess poverty levels among elderly households and examine key determinants, including education, health insurance coverage, social assistance programs, and household structure. Utilizing 2024 Susenas data and Probit regression analysis, the findings reveal that higher education and health insurance ownership significantly reduce the likelihood of elderly poverty. Conversely, participation in social assistance programs such as the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) and Atensi Lansia is positively associated with poverty status—indicating accurate targeting, yet also underscoring persistent economic vulnerability. Additionally, larger household sizes increase poverty risk, while a greater number of working household members reduces it. These results highlight the need for holistic policy interventions—particularly in education, social protection expansion, and economic empowerment for the elderly—to mitigate the impact of population ageing and build a more inclusive and sustainable social protection system.
The Impact Of The Program Indonesia Pintar, School Operational Assistance, Special Allocation Fund And Gross Regional Domestic Product On Gross Enrollment Rate In 34 Indonesian Provinces 2020-2023 Martha Carolina; Jesly Panjaitan; Tio Riyono
Jurnal Budget : Isu dan Masalah Keuangan Negara Vol 10 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Budget: Isu dan Masalah Keuangan Negara
Publisher : Pusat Analisis Anggaran dan Akuntabilitas Keuangan Negara

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Abstract

Education is a key pillar of human resource development; however, the achievement of the Gross Enrollment Rate (GER) in Indonesia still faces challenges, particularly at the secondary level. This study analyzes the effects of the Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP), Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS), Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK) in the education sector, and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita on the GER across 34 Indonesian provinces from 2020 to 2023. Panel data regression was employed, with the best model selected through Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier tests, and the Random Effect Model (REM) used for estimation. The results reveal that GRDP per capita consistently exerts a positive and significant influence on the GER at all education levels, highlighting the importance of regional economic capacity in expanding educational access. The PIP shows a significant positive effect at the junior high school level but no significant impact at the elementary or senior high/vocational levels. BOS funds exhibit no significant effect across all levels, while DAK shows a negative and significant effect at the junior high level. The COVID-19 pandemic also had a significant impact, reducing overall enrollment ratios but slightly increasing participation at the elementary level. These findings emphasize the need for more contextual and adaptive education policies that align with regional economic capacities and program implementation effectiveness.
Co-Authors Martha Carolina Tio Riyono