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Organized Crime in the Trade of Endangered Fauna: A Study of Environmental Law and Criminal Law Policies and Their Enforcement in Indonesia Agus, Agus; Aditiarman, Aditiarman
Jurnal Sosial, Sains, Terapan dan Riset (Sosateris) Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): June: Sosateris
Publisher : Intitute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/n13cxm42

Abstract

This study examines the environmental and criminal law policies in force in Indonesia, as well as the effectiveness of law enforcement in dealing with organized crime related to the trade in endangered fauna. Although existing regulations such as Law Number 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems and Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Protection and Management of the Environment have regulated the protection of endangered fauna, this study found that its implementation in the field still faces various challenges, including weak coordination between law enforcement agencies, lack of human resources and technology, and limitations in enforcing criminal sanctions. Using the “deterrence theory” and “collaborative governance theory” approaches, this study analyzes how criminal sanctions and cross-sectoral cooperation can improve the effectiveness of law enforcement against organized crime. The results of the study show that although the criminal sanctions regulated are quite strict, their effectiveness is still weak due to the lack of certainty of enforcement and low collaboration between agencies. This study also highlights the importance of the role of local communities (Customary Institutions) and monitoring technology to support efforts to conserve endangered fauna in the TNKS area. This study provides strategic recommendations to strengthen law enforcement through increased inter-agency coordination, the use of more sophisticated monitoring technology, and expanding international cooperation to address organized crime networks operating across borders.  
Evaluasi Kebijakan dan Hambatan Implementasi Mediator Independen dalam Sistem Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial Aditiarman; Fauzi Syam; Ana Ramadhona; Ratna Dewi; Syurpana Nofanda
Indonesian Journal of Law and Justice Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): March
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/ijlj.v3i3.5521

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kebijakan hukum dan hambatan implementasi mediator independen dalam penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), menganalisis peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial, hasil penelitian, serta literatur terkait hukum ketenagakerjaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem mediasi hubungan industrial masih didominasi oleh mediator Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) di bawah Dinas Tenaga Kerja, sementara peran mediator independen belum diakui secara eksplisit dalam hukum nasional. Ketiadaan dasar hukum, mekanisme akreditasi, dan pengakuan kekuatan eksekutorial hasil mediasi independen menyebabkan efektivitasnya rendah. Berdasarkan teori efektivitas hukum Soerjono Soekanto, hambatan utama terletak pada aspek normatif, kelembagaan, profesionalitas mediator, serta budaya hukum masyarakat yang masih berorientasi litigasi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan reformulasi kebijakan melalui revisi UU No. 2 Tahun 2004 atau pembentukan regulasi turunan yang mengatur akreditasi dan legalitas mediator independen untuk menciptakan sistem penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial yang lebih netral, efisien, dan berkeadilan sosial.