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All Journal Heart Science Journal
Nugroho, Ira Vori
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Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology

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The role of oxidative stress on cardiovascular disease in metabolic syndrome: Efficacy and safety of EGCG and CGA Nugroho, Ira Vori; Rohman, Mohammad Saifur
Heart Science Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Accelerating Clinical Breakthroughs: The Journey from Molecular Discovery to Pa
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.01.3

Abstract

The challenge of cardiovascular disease has spread across the globe, especially concerning metabolic syndrome and its components. There is a need to look for new treatment strategies that attack underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. This review discusses the role of oxidative stress in the development and progression of cardiovascular complications in metabolic syndrome while evaluating the therapeutic potential of two natural compounds as antioxidants: epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from green tea and chlorogenic acid (CGA) from coffee. Oxidative stress disrupts normal cellular function through multiple pathways, including LDL oxidation, nitric oxide function, glycolysis, modified TCA cycle activity, and activation of inflammatory cascades. These mechanisms contribute to CVD's endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and cardiac remodelling. Despite its limited bioavailability and concentration-dependent effects, EGCG demonstrates significant cardiovascular benefits through enhanced NO bioavailability, activation of antioxidant pathways, and suppression of inflammatory responses. CGA shows promising results in hypertension management and endothelial function improvement, with clinical studies reporting significant blood pressure reductions and improved vascular function. These natural compounds could serve as valuable add-on therapeutic agents for treating cardiovascular disease associated with metabolic syndrome. However, optimal dosing strategies and individual patient factors require further investigation
Effect of decaffeinated green tea and green coffee combination on improving blood glucose levels in metabolic syndrome patients Nugroho, Ira Vori; Rohman, Mohammad Saifur; Karolina, Wella; Tjahjono, Cholid Tri; Kurnianingsih, Novi
Heart Science Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Accelerating Clinical Breakthroughs: The Journey from Molecular Discovery to Pa
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.01.12

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) contributes to high mortality and morbidity not only in developing countries but also in developed countries, with central obesity and insulin resistance as primary risk factors. Our previous study demonstrated that combined decaffeinated green tea and green coffee extracts more effectively improved lipid and glucose profiles in an MS rat model. Objective: This study evaluates the efficacy of the extracts on top guideline-directed medical treatment optimal therapy in metabolic syndrome patients. Methods: The study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 90 patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, ages 45-70. Participants were randomly sorted into three groups: the first group received 2x2.5 g, the second group received 1x5 g, and the third one received a placebo. Researchers measured baseline and final values for fasting blood glucose (FBG), post-meal glucose levels (PPBG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) to evaluate treatment effects. Result: After 90 days of treatment with decaffeinated green tea and green coffee combination, both experimental groups (Groups 1 and 2) revealed significant decreases in PPBG and HbA1c compared to the control group. (-14.10 ± 2.00 vs. -28.63 ± 4.61 vs. -5.03 ± 0.74 mg/dL and -0.23 ± 0.01 vs. -0.22 ± 0.03 vs. -0.13 ± 0.01; p = < 0.05). FBG decreased across all groups but was not statistically significant. Conclusion: After 90 days, the combination of decaffeinated green tea and green coffee significantly reduced PPBG and HbA1C levels in patients with metabolic syndrome compared to the placebo. These findings suggest that this combination may serve as an effective adjunctive therapy for glucose management in metabolic syndrome, translating efficacious preclinical dosages to clinical application.
Co-Authors Cholid Tri Tjahjono Karolina, Wella Kurnianingsih, Novi Mohammad Saifur Rohman