<![CDATA[ABSTRACT Various challenges are still encountered in physics learning at the senior high school level, particularly related to students’ low conceptual understanding and higher order thinking skills (Higher Order Thinking Skills/HOTS). This condition highlights the need for instructional innovations that are able to provide more contextual and meaningful learning experiences for students. This study aims to develop and implement an instructional medium in the form of an interactive physics teaching aid simulation based on waste materials, integrated with the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model and the Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) approach. The research was conducted using the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method at SMAN 2 Gunungputri Bogor, involving eleventh-grade students as the research subjects. The research process was carried out through several cycles consisting of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection stages.The findings indicate that the use of innovative instructional media based on waste materials contributes to improving students’ conceptual understanding while also fostering the development of higher order thinking skills through contextual problem-solving activities. The implementation of the PBL model combined with the TaRL approach allows learning to be tailored to students’ ability levels, thereby providing more meaningful learning experiences. Thus, it can be concluded that physics instructional media innovations based on waste materials, integrated with PBL and TaRL, are effective in enhancing students’ conceptual understanding and HOTS in senior high school physics learning. ABSTRAK Berbagai permasalahan masih ditemukan dalam pembelajaran fisika di tingkat SMA, khususnya terkait rendahnya pemahaman konsep dan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi (Higher Order Thinking Skills/HOTS) siswa. Situasi ini menunjukkan perlunya inovasi pembelajaran yang mampu memberikan pengalaman belajar yang lebih kontekstual dan bermakna bagi peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan serta menerapkan media ajar berupa simulasi alat peraga fisika interaktif berbasis bahan limbah yang dipadukan dengan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dan pendekatan Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL). Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) di SMAN 2 Gunungputri Bogor dengan melibatkan siswa kelas XI sebagai subjek penelitian. Proses penelitian dilakukan melalui beberapa siklus yang mencakup tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi.Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media ajar inovatif berbasis bahan limbah berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan pemahaman konseptual siswa sekaligus mendorong pengembangan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi melalui aktivitas pemecahan masalah kontekstual. Penerapan model PBL yang dikombinasikan dengan pendekatan TaRL memungkinkan pembelajaran berlangsung sesuai dengan tingkat kemampuan siswa, sehingga memberikan pengalaman belajar yang lebih bermakna. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa inovasi media ajar fisika berbasis bahan limbah yang terintegrasi dengan PBL dan TaRL efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep dan kemampuan HOTS siswa pada pembelajaran fisika di SMA.]]>
