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All Journal Padjadjaran Journal of International Relations IIJSE
Saputra, Rafli Adi
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Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Islamophobia and Post-Conflict Dynamics Affecting the Moro Muslim Minority in Southern Philippines, 2020–2024 Saputra, Rafli Adi; Hapsari, Renitha Dwi
Padjadjaran Journal of International Relations Vol 8, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/padjir.v8i1.66196

Abstract

This study examines Islamophobia and the conflict dynamics experienced by the Moro Muslim minority in Southern Philippines during 2020–2024. The main issue is how anti-Muslim sentiment influence the post-Bangsamoro peace process. The research aims to analyze the interaction between political, security, and social factors driving discrimination and violence. The conceptual framework is based on securitization theory. The method applied is qualitative document analysis, covering reports from international human rights organizations, official government policies, and media coverage. Findings reveal that despite political progress through the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), Islamophobia remains instrumentalized by certain actors to sustain threat narratives, hinder integration, and fuel horizontal tensions. The study recommends strengthening minority protection mechanisms and ensuring independent monitoring of policy implementation in BARMM.  Penelitian ini mengkaji Islamophobia dan dinamika konflik yang dialami minoritas Muslim Moro di Filipina Selatan pada periode 2020–2024. Permasalahan utama adalah bagaimana sentimen antiMuslim mempengaruhi proses perdamaian pasca-Perjanjian Bangsamoro. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis interaksi antara faktor politik, keamanan, dan sosial yang memicu diskriminasi serta kekerasan. Kerangka konseptual yang digunakan adalah teori securitization. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah studi kualitatif dengan analisis dokumen, meliputi laporan lembaga HAM internasional, kebijakan resmi pemerintah, dan pemberitaan media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun terdapat kemajuan politik melalui Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), Islamophobia tetap digunakan oleh aktor tertentu untuk mempertahankan narasi ancaman, menghambat integrasi, dan memicu ketegangan horizontal. Rekomendasi penelitian ini menekankan perlunya penguatan mekanisme perlindungan minoritas dan pengawasan independen terhadap implementasi kebijakan di BARMM.
The IRAN’S NUCLEAR PROGRAM AND ITS IMPACT ON MIDDLE EASTERN REGIONAL SECURITY IN THE 2020–2024 PERIOD Saputra, Rafli Adi; Hapsari, Renitha Dwi
Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE) Vol 9 No 1 (2026): Sharia Economics
Publisher : Universitas KH. Abdul Chalim Mojokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31538/iijse.v9i1.8852

Abstract

Iran's nuclear program has become a strategic issue influencing the security architecture of the Middle East, particularly during the 2020–2024 period. Since the United States withdrew from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2018, Iran’s nuclear development has continued to create new tensions with regional states, particularly Israel, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. This research aims to analyze the impact of Iran's nuclear program on regional security in the Middle East using the framework of the Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT), which emphasizes the interconnection among states within a conflict-prone region. The research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach, relying on literature studies from academic journals, international organizations’ reports, and official documents from governments and international institutions. The findings indicate that Iran’s nuclear program not only exacerbates regional instability but also encourages the formation of new alliances, such as the normalization of relations between Israel and Gulf states through the Abraham Accords. Moreover, the nuclear issue further reinforces the rivalry between the pro-Iran bloc and the pro-West bloc, which has implications for the consolidation of regional defense strategies. Therefore, Iran’s nuclear program serves as a key factor in shaping the direction and prospects of Middle Eastern regional security during the 2020–2024 period. Keywords: Iran, Nuclear Program, Regional Security, Regional Security Complex, Middle East
Co-Authors Hapsari, Renitha Dwi