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All Journal International Journal of Acta Material
I N. Sudiana
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia
Chemistry Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

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Fabrication and Characterisation of Semi-Solid DSSCs Using Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) from Coal as a Filler in Polymer Gel Electrolytes W. O. Sukmawati; L. Ardan; I. Saleh; L. Agusu; I N. Sudiana; I. Usman
International Journal of Acta Material Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Halu Oleo University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62749/ijactmat.v2i1.16

Abstract

In an effort to enhance the conductivity of TMSPMA-based polymer gel electrolytes (PGE), this study incorporated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a filler within the PGE matrix. The rGO was synthesized from sub-bituminous coal utilizing a modified Hummer method, while the PGE was formulated through a sol-gel process involving TMSPMA with varying proportions of rGO relative to the PGE. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirmed the presence of rGO, revealing a peak at a 2θ angle of 24.830° and a calculated crystalline size of 30.44 nm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization indicated that the identified functional groups were consistent with the molecular structure of TMSPMA. Impedance measurements conducted using an LCR meter demonstrated that the incorporation of rGO up to 0.04 g significantly enhanced the conductivity, achieving a value of 0.013 S/cm. Furthermore, photovoltaic performance testing of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) indicated that the highest efficiency of 1.03% was attained with the PGE containing 0.04 g of rGO.
Synthesis and Characterization of NaOH-Doped ZnO Metal Oxide Thin Films for Electron Transport Layer in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) W. S. Arsyad; H. A. Hangkea; I. Saleh; I N. Sudiana; L. Agusu; I. Usman
International Journal of Acta Material Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Halu Oleo University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62749/ijactmat.v2i2.30

Abstract

Research on the manufacture of ZnO thin films as electron transport layers has been carried out. The ZnO coating was prepared by sol-gel method. At the time of making the solution precursor, the doping given was 0.72%, 1.09%, and 1.45% by weight. Each hkl index changes at an angle of 2θ which causes the mean crystal size to decrease from 57.57 nm, 35.94 nm to 24.01 nm for doping concentrations of 0.72%, 1.09% and 1.45%, respectively. The measurement results using the LCR meter show that the resistance of the ZnO thin layer increases with the addition of NaOH doping from 125.49 Ω.cm, 462.93 Ω.cm and 3192.8 Ω.cm for doping are 0.72%, 1.09% and 1.45% NaOH respectively. The results of the analysis of the UV-Vis spectrometer, the slit energy value decreased with the increase in the doping of NaOH given, namely 2.03 eV, 2.026 eV, 2.025 eV and 2.024 for samples without doping are 0.72%, 1.09% and 1.45% sequentially. The results of the morphological analysis using SEM showed that the grains with sizes and shapes tended to be the same in all thin film samples.
Adoption of Computational Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in Asphalt Research I W. Sutapa; Hikmayani; G. R. Lempang; L. O. Kadidae; I N. Sudiana; A. Bandjar
International Journal of Acta Material Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Halu Oleo University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62749/ijactmat.v2i2.34

Abstract

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a powerful statistical and computational tool used to model and optimize complex systems involving multiple variables and responses. In asphalt research, RSM has gained significant attention for its efficiency in optimizing mix design, evaluating modified asphalt properties, and analyzing the effects of processing and environmental conditions. This review highlights the application of RSM in key aspects of asphalt studies, including experimental design (CCD, BBD, factorial), mathematical modeling, response visualization, and multi-response optimization. The use of RSM enables researchers to identify optimal binder content, additive dosage, and process conditions with reduced experimental effort. Additionally, the integration of RSM with contour and 3D surface plots provides intuitive understanding of parameter interactions. Despite its advantages, RSM faces limitations such as model assumptions, sensitivity to data distribution, and challenges in field validation. Future research is encouraged to combine RSM with artificial intelligence techniques for more robust predictions and to validate laboratory models under real-world conditions. Overall, RSM remains a valuable methodology for advancing asphalt technology, especially in the development of sustainable and high-performance pavement materials.  
Co-Authors A. Bandjar G. R. Lempang H. A. Hangkea Hikmayani I W. Sutapa I. Saleh I. Usman L. Agusu L. Ardan L. O. Kadidae W. O. Sukmawati W. S. Arsyad