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Rahma, Aulia Nabila
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics

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Multi-Objective Optimization of Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction vs. Microwave Hydrodiffusion and Gravity for Amomum compactum Essential Oil Variyana, Yeni; Rahma, Aulia Nabila; Mahfud, Mahfud
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.346

Abstract

Amomum compactum essential oil, rich in 1,8-cineole (55–70%), is valued for its therapeutic and aromatic properties but suffers from low yield and thermal degradation in conventional extraction. This study compares and optimizes two green, solvent-free microwave-assisted methods—solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG)—using Box–Behnken Design (BBD) under response surface methodology (RSM). Process variables included feed-to-distiller (F/D) ratio (0.10–0.20 g/mL), microwave power (150–450 W), and extraction time (60–90 min). SFME achieved the highest yield (5.25%) at 300 W, 0.15 g/mL, and 75 min, whereas MHG yielded 2.50% at 150 W, 0.10 g/mL, and 90 min, with superior 1,8-cineole recovery (59.65%) and linalool content (1.98%). Both methods reduced extraction time by 85–95% and energy use by over 90% compared with hydrodistillation, consuming only 0.004–0.006 kWh/g. SEM results confirmed extensive gland rupture (80–90%) and structural breakdown supporting enhanced mass transfer. These findings highlight SFME and MHG as sustainable, energy-efficient innovations aligning with SDGs 9, 12, and 13, advancing the circular bioeconomy and scalable green production of Amomum compactum essential oil.
Co-Authors Mahfud Mahfud Variyana, Yeni