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All Journal Journal of Scientific Insights Indonesian Journal of Green Chemistry
Jibrin, Mohammed Danlami
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Education Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Renewable Pathways to O-Decyl Hydroxylamine: Mild Thermal Hydrolysis of Gmelina arborea Leaves Using Barium Chloride Ibrahim, Haruna; Ali, Abubakar M.; Jibrin, Mohammed Danlami
Indonesian Journal of Green Chemistry Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Science Tech Group

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69930/ijgc.v3i1.657

Abstract

O-Decyl hydroxylamine is a high-value nitrogen-functionalized intermediate with wide industrial relevance in fine chemicals, antioxidants, surfactants, and advanced material formulations. However, its conventional synthesis relies predominantly on petrochemical feedstocks, halogenated reagents, and multistep processes that raise concerns regarding sustainability, energy intensity, and environmental impact. In this study, a mild and sustainable barium chloride (BaCl2)-catalyzed thermal hydrolytic process is developed for the direct production of O-decyl hydroxylamine from Gmelina arborea leaf biomass, an abundant and underutilized lignocellulosic resource. The reaction was conducted in aqueous medium at atmospheric pressure over a temperature range of 60-90 °C and catalyst loadings of 0.5-1.0 wt%. Product formation was confirmed by GC-MS following derivatization, while process performance was evaluated through yield determination, reproducibility assessment, and rigorous statistical analysis. The results reveal a strong temperature-catalyst interaction governing product yield. Maximum yield (106.5 mg g⁻¹) with excellent reproducibility (CV < 5%) was achieved at 90 °C using 0.5 wt% BaCl2, whereas higher temperatures favoured lower catalyst loading. Two-sample t-tests, Welch’s t-test, and Tukey HSD post-hoc analysis confirmed that temperature exerts a more dominant influence than catalyst loading, with statistically significant differences observed under specific operating conditions (p < 0.05). The developed process operates under low-severity conditions, avoids hazardous reagents, and demonstrates high precision and robustness. Overall, this work establishes a statistically validated and energy-efficient pathway for producing O-decyl hydroxylamine directly from biomass, advancing sustainable chemical manufacturing and supporting the development of renewable, bio-based fine chemicals in alignment with SDGs 9 and 12.
A Novel Barium Chloride-Catalyzed Approach for Direct Conversion of Waste Leaf Biomass to Methyl Butanoate Ibrahim, Haruna; Ali, Abubakar M.; Jibrin, Mohammed Danlami
Journal of Scientific Insights Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Available online
Publisher : Science Tech Group

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69930/jsi.v3i3.734

Abstract

The transition toward sustainable and circular bioeconomies requires environmentally benign and resource-efficient routes for producing value-added chemicals from renewable feedstocks. This study presents a rapid and novel approach for synthesising methyl butanoate via a barium chloride-catalyzed thermal hydrolytic process using Gmelina arborea leaf biomass as a low-cost lignocellulosic resource. Unlike conventional esterification methods that depend on refined substrates, corrosive catalysts, and extended reaction times, this process operates under mild conditions (80 °C, atmospheric pressure) with short reaction durations (10–50 minutes). Results show that the highest methyl butanoate yield (≈13.52% and ~900 mg/g) is achieved at 10 minutes, demonstrating good reproducibility (RSD ≈ 6%). ANOVA confirms that reaction time significantly influences yield (p < 0.05), with longer durations reducing performance due to competing reactions and equilibrium constraints. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis validates ester formation and composition. This work addresses a key research gap by enabling direct conversion of waste biomass into short-chain esters through a simple, rapid, and energy-efficient pathway. The approach aligns with Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) through biofuel development, SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) via process innovation, SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) through biomass valorization, and SDG 13 (Climate Action) by promoting low-carbon processes. Overall, the study establishes a sustainable alternative for ester production with reduced environmental impact and operational complexity.
Co-Authors Ali, Abubakar M. Ibrahim, Haruna