Drs Nasrul, Muhammad Amrullah Bin
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Towards a Sharīʿah-Compliant Framework for AI-Supported Fatwa in Malaysian Hajj Management: A Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah and Governance Perspective Ab Razak, Mohamed Rashid Bin; Drs Nasrul, Muhammad Amrullah Bin; Abbas, Ibrahim
Millah: Journal of Religious Studies Vol. 25, No. 1, February 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Agama Islam Program Magister, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/millah.vol25.iss1.art2

Abstract

Malaysia’s Hajj management system is widely recognized for integrating financial, logistical, and religious services through a centralized institutional framework. As interest grows in using Artificial Intelligence to provide real-time religious guidance, important questions arise regarding the permissibility, reliability, and governance of AI-supported fatwa delivery. This article aims to develop a Sharīʿah-compliant framework for AI-supported fatwa in Malaysian Hajj management that aligns with maqāṣid al-sharīʿah and existing fatwa governance structures. Using a qualitative doctrinal methodology, the study analyzes principles of uṣūl al-fiqh, Malaysian legal and institutional arrangements governing fatwa issuance, Hajj-related resolutions, and contemporary scholarship on Artificial Intelligence governance and accountability. The analysis identifies key requirements for valid fatwa delivery, including scholarly competence, evidentiary reasoning, contextual awareness, and adherence to state-based authority. It further highlights recurring Hajj issues involving ritual errors, compensatory sacrifices, health concessions, women’s rulings, and travel constraints that may benefit from timely digital assistance. While Artificial Intelligence offers advantages such as rapid access, multilingual support, and personalized guidance, significant risks remain, including hallucinated rulings, jurisdictional confusion, and diminished scholarly accountability. To address these challenges, the study proposes a hybrid framework based on curated and authenticated fatwa corpora, Retrieval-Augmented Generation, authority tagging, embedded evidentiary reasoning, escalation protocols to accredited muftis, and institutional audit mechanisms. Guided by the protection of religion, life, intellect, dignity, and wealth, the framework positions Artificial Intelligence as a supportive rather than substitutive tool. The study concludes that AI-supported fatwa delivery is normatively defensible only when firmly anchored to state authority, robust governance safeguards, and the ethical objectives of Sharīʿah, providing a practical blueprint for responsible innovation in Hajj management.
Beyond Reconciliation: Victim Protection and Islamic Restorative Justice in Indonesian Domestic Violence Cases Hidayati; Rini Fitri Octa Amelia; Asep Suryana; Drs Nasrul, Muhammad Amrullah bin
KALOSARA: Family Law Review Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Kalosara: Family Law Review
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31332/kalosara.v6i2.15815

Abstract

A domestic violence case may be declared resolved through reconciliation while the survivor remains unsafe, exposing a fundamental gap between procedural settlement and substantive justice. This study examines how Indonesian domestic violence and restorative justice regulations structure victim protection and institutional accountability, and how Islamic family-law principles of iṣlāḥ, marital justice, and prevention of harm inform the legitimacy of restorative interventions. Using a qualitative socio-legal design, the study examines Law Number 23 of 2004, Police Regulation Number 8 of 2021, Qur’anic provisions, and maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah alongside interviews and reported case-handling figures from Bekasi City Metropolitan Police. Materials underwent descriptive and comparative legal analysis. Of 97 cases recorded under restorative procedures during 2022–2024, 84 were reported as settled. However, inconsistent case classifications and insufficient evidence of post-settlement safety prevent conclusions about substantive effectiveness. Normative findings indicate that iṣlāḥ cannot legitimate reconciliation achieved through coercion or without credible victim protection and offender accountability. The study proposes a victim-centred, harm-sensitive Islamic restorative justice framework integrating protective, participatory, and substantive restorative legitimacy. It contributes to Islamic family law by distinguishing marital continuity from substantive justice and offers evaluative criteria for police, mediators, and victim-support institutions. Future survivor-centred, longitudinal research should assess consent, safety, and recurrent violence. Keywords: Domestic Violence; Islamic Family Law; Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah; Restorative Justice; Victim Protection.