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Journal : Berajah Journal

TINJAUAN KRITIS ATAS PUTUSAN PANEL WTO DALAM SENGKETA EU-INDONESIA TENTANG MINYAK SAWIT DAN BIOFUEL (DS593/DS600) SERTA IMPLIKASINYA BAGI HUKUM PERDAGANGAN MULTILATERAL Ahmad Fahrul Rozi; Annie Myranika; Ani Wahyuni; Regina Yura Fitriah Sari; Oky Rona Wijaya
Berajah Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Berajah Journal
Publisher : CV. Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/bj.v6i2.648

Abstract

This article analyses the WTO Panel’s ruling in the dispute European Union – Certain Measures Concerning Palm Oil and Oil Palm Crop-Based Biofuels (DS593/DS600) involving Indonesia, Malaysia and the European Union. The ruling, issued in January 2025, confirms the compatibility of the RED II legal framework with WTO rules, but identifies inconsistencies in the implementation of the Delegated Act regarding the classification of high-risk indirect land-use change (ILUC). This article examines the legal implications of the ruling regarding the principle of non-discrimination under the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement), the balance between climate policy and trade obligations, and the dynamics of WTO dispute settlement system reform following MC13. The analysis employs a normative-comparative legal research method based on official WTO documents and the latest literature on international trade law. The research findings indicate that the Panel’s ruling establishes an important precedent regarding the limits on the legitimacy of unilateral actions based on environmental concerns within the multilateral framework, whilst also underscoring the urgency of Appellate Body reform to maintain the effectiveness of the WTO dispute settlement system.
ANALISIS YURIDIS, ONTOLOGIS, DAN REKONSTRUKSI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM DALAM SISTEM PERBANKAN NASIONAL (Kajian Hukum Perbankan Syariah dalam Perspektif Kepastian Hukum dan Keadilan Substantif) Ani Wahyuni; Hasnah Aziz; Ahmad Fahrul Rozi; Oky Rona Wijaya; Regina Yura Fitriah Sari
Berajah Journal Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Berajah Journal
Publisher : CV. Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/bj.v6i3.526

Abstract

The existence of Islamic banking in Indonesia constitutes a juridical, philosophical, and sociological necessity within the national legal system. The rapid development of Islamic financial institutions demands legal certainty, especially concerning the implementation of sharia principles in banking agreements and customer protection mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the ontological and juridical position of sharia principles within the Indonesian banking system, examine the legal problems in the implementation of Islamic banking contracts in relation to the principle of freedom of contract under the Civil Code, and reconstruct legal protection mechanisms for Islamic banking customers in both litigation and non-litigation dispute settlement. This research employs normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, philosophical, and case approaches. The legal materials consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. The findings reveal that sharia principles have transformed from religious norms into imperative positive law (dwingend recht) through Law Number 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking. Nevertheless, the implementation of sharia contracts still encounters normative conflicts between the principle of freedom of contract and sharia restrictions such as the prohibition of riba, gharar, and maysir. In practice, standard contracts frequently create bargaining inequality between banks and customers. Furthermore, dispute resolution mechanisms remain fragmented due to the dualism between civil procedural law and sharia economic law. The reconstruction of legal protection requires harmonization between national procedural law and Islamic economic law, strengthening mediation institutions and non-litigation settlement mechanisms, and codifying Islamic economic law into statutory legislation to guarantee legal certainty, justice, and consumer protection in the national Islamic banking system.