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Tiara, Berlian
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Pembuatan Baterai Kering Menggunakan Karbon Aktif dari Cangkang Kelapa Sawit dan Asam Nitrat (HNO3) sebagai Aktivator Tiara, Berlian; Larasati, Tri; Febriana, Ida; Reka Septiana, Iriani; Kholidah, Nurul
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v15i1.22502

Abstract

Activated carbon from palm kernel shells has the potential to be an environmentally friendly material to replace heavy metals in dry batteries. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of variations in HNO₃ concentration (0.5 M; 1 M; 1.5 M; 2 M; and 2.5 M) and to evaluate its performance as a dry battery electrode material using 1 M NaOH and 1 M H₃PO₄ electrolytes. The process involved carbonisation and chemical activation using HNO₃, followed by proximate analysis, iodine number testing, and surface morphology analysis using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed the best performance was achieved at an HNO₃ concentration of 1 M with a voltage of 3.66 V, current of 5.55 mA, and power of 20.31 mW when using NaOH electrolyte. Conversely, at an HNO₃ concentration of 2.5 M with H₃PO₄ electrolyte, the lowest performance was achieved at a voltage of 1.94 V, current of 0.79 mA, and power of 1.53 mW due to pore damage. This study demonstrates the potential of oil palm shells as a raw material for environmentally friendly and sustainable batteries.
Pembuatan Baterai Kering Menggunakan Karbon Aktif dari Cangkang Kelapa Sawit dan Asam Nitrat (HNO3) sebagai Aktivator Tiara, Berlian; Larasati, Tri; Febriana, Ida; Reka Septiana, Iriani; Kholidah, Nurul
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v15i1.22502

Abstract

Activated carbon from palm kernel shells has the potential to be an environmentally friendly material to replace heavy metals in dry batteries. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of variations in HNO₃ concentration (0.5 M; 1 M; 1.5 M; 2 M; and 2.5 M) and to evaluate its performance as a dry battery electrode material using 1 M NaOH and 1 M H₃PO₄ electrolytes. The process involved carbonisation and chemical activation using HNO₃, followed by proximate analysis, iodine number testing, and surface morphology analysis using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed the best performance was achieved at an HNO₃ concentration of 1 M with a voltage of 3.66 V, current of 5.55 mA, and power of 20.31 mW when using NaOH electrolyte. Conversely, at an HNO₃ concentration of 2.5 M with H₃PO₄ electrolyte, the lowest performance was achieved at a voltage of 1.94 V, current of 0.79 mA, and power of 1.53 mW due to pore damage. This study demonstrates the potential of oil palm shells as a raw material for environmentally friendly and sustainable batteries.
Co-Authors Febriana, Ida KHOLIDAH, NURUL Reka Septiana, Iriani Tri Larasati, Tri