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All Journal JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal) HORIZON PUBLIC LEGAL STUDIES
Aan Aswari
Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Artificial Intelligence and the Data Protection Crisis: When the Absent State Faces the Threat of Personal Data Abuse Afdal Mubarak; Andi Sri Amlinawaty Muin; Aan Aswari
HORIZON PUBLIC LEGAL STUDIES Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Vol 2 No 1 (2025): Horizon Public Legal Studies
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56087/gqmys196

Abstract

This study aims to find out and analyze the adequacy of laws and regulations in Indonesia in regulating the use of artificial intelligence technology (Artificial Intelligence) that accesses and processes people's personal data. And knowing and formulating the necessary legal remedies to close the regulatory gap for the prevention of the misuse of artificial intelligence (A.I.) on personal data.This research is a normative law research with a legislative and conceptual approach. The legal materials used consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials that are analyzed prescriptively to explain the applicable legal provisions and provide normative arguments and recommendations. The results of this study indicate that laws and regulations in Indonesia do not specifically regulate the use of Artificial Intelligence that accesses people's personal data. Although the Personal Data Protection Law has provided a legal basis, there is no specific regulation that regulates the characteristics of AI, so the existing regulations are not fully adequate. As well as the legal measures needed to close the regulatory gap to prevent the misuse of personal data, namely, the establishment of the Artificial Intelligence Law, the strengthening and harmonization of existing laws and regulations, the improvement of digital forensic technology, the strengthening of transparency and accountability obligations of AI system operators. As well as strengthening the supervision and law enforcement mechanism
Haruskah AI Menempuh Pendidikan Hukum? Wawasan dari Pendidikan Hukum di AS dan Indonesia Aan Aswari; Rizki Ramadani; Atikah Azza Rhamadani; Muhammad Ashoer
LITIGASI Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/litigasi.v27i1.37916

Abstract

The growing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education has sparked debate about its educational potential and ethical risks. The literature remains fragmented: many studies concentrate on ethical concerns or on the technology itself rather than on structured AI governance, particularly in legal education in developing countries. This study examines how AI may affect academic integrity in legal education and proposes an AI governance framework that considers ethical standards, pedagogical needs, and regulatory responsibilities. It takes a qualitative legal approach combining a normative analysis of laws and institutional policies, a conceptual analysis of AI and professional ethics in legal education, and a comparison between the United States, a mature system with well-established and varied AI governance, and Indonesia, an emerging system with limited regulatory development. The study rests on a systematic review of secondary sources: academic literature, policy documents, and institutional guidelines. The results suggest that AI can make legal education more efficient, support personalized learning, and build students’ professional readiness. Used without clear limits, however, it can undermine academic integrity by enabling academic dishonesty, encouraging overreliance on tools, and weakening students’ ethical judgment. The paper therefore proposes a multi-layered governance framework of institutional academic policies, AI literacy training, adaptive teaching approaches, and AI detection tools where appropriate, all set within national regulatory frameworks. Its key contribution is to connect institutional and national governance. It argues that Indonesia needs a clear, enforceable AI governance framework so that AI adoption strengthens rather than compromises academic integrity in legal education.
Co-Authors Afdal Mubarak Atikah Azza Rhamadani Muhammad Ashoer Rizki Ramadani Sri Amlinawaty A. Muin