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Asriyadi Asriyadi
King Abdul Aziz University

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Multi-Step GRU Model for River Water Level Prediction with IoT Sensors Ahmad Satrio Perdana; Ade Silvia Handayani; Ciksadan Ciksadan; Carlos RS; Asriyadi Asriyadi
bit-Tech Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): bit-Tech
Publisher : Komunitas Dosen Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32877/bt.v8i2.2846

Abstract

The Simpang Lima PUPR Pump Station on Jalan Radial, Palembang, serves as a critical drainage point for the largest water discharge in the downstream area, making the surrounding region highly vulnerable to surface runoff and flooding, especially during short-duration high-intensity rainfall events. This study aims to develop a 24-hour ahead multi-step river water level prediction model using the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) algorithm, powered by real-time data from Internet of Things (IoT) sensors installed at the pump station. The collected dataset spans from June to July and includes water level, rainfall, temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure. The data was preprocessed through normalization before being used as input to the GRU model. The GRU-based prediction model demonstrated strong performance with a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.394, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.628, coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.99, and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.9853. These results indicate high predictive accuracy and model reliability. The proposed model has strong potential for integration into early warning dashboards to support flood mitigation strategies and improve the operational efficiency of pump stations in high-risk urban zones. Additionally, this research offers a data-driven framework for the Ministry of Public Works and Housing (PUPR) to design real-time, predictive flood control systems. The approach can optimize pump operations, enhance emergency response planning, and guide drainage infrastructure improvements. Furthermore, it promotes climate-resilient flood adaptation policies and serves as a model for smart technology deployment in other Indonesian cities.
Comparative Analysis Of Random Forest and Naive Bayes for Flood Classification Using Sentinel-1 SAR Clara Silvia Rotua Aritonang; Ade Silvia Handayani; Suroso Suroso; Wahyu Caesarendra; Asriyadi Asriyadi
bit-Tech Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): bit-Tech
Publisher : Komunitas Dosen Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32877/bt.v8i2.2852

Abstract

This research introduces a framework for classifying flood inundation utilising Sentinel-1 Ground Range Detected (GRD) radar imagery alongside machine learning algorithms.  Radar backscatter values from pre- and post-event Sentinel-1 images were processed with SNAP and QGIS to extract spatial features and change indicators in decibel (dB) format.  The tabular dataset, comprising 500,000 samples that equally represent flooded and non-flooded areas, was utilised for model training. Two models, Random Forest and Naive Bayes, were assessed for their classification efficacy.  The Random Forest model demonstrated exceptional performance, attaining an accuracy of 99.81%, precision of 99.75%, recall of 99.67%, and an F1-score of 99.71%.  Naive Bayes achieved an accuracy of 52.63%, with precision and F1-score notably impacted by elevated false positive rates, although recall was 86.36%.  Analysis of confidence distribution indicated that Random Forest exhibited low-confidence errors at the decision boundary, whereas Naive Bayes demonstrated confident misclassifications. Analysis of computation time indicated that Naive Bayes required less than 0.1 seconds per run, whereas Random Forest completed training in under 3 minutes.  The trade-off between speed and reliability underscores the appropriateness of Random Forest for operational flood mapping applications.  This research provides a practical comparison of classification models utilising open-access radar data and establishes a dependable pipeline for pixel-level flood identification.