Nella Mariana Panjaitan
Universitas Kristen Indonesia

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Coram Deo in Christian Religious Education: A Literature Review on Integrating the Christian Worldview into 21st-Century Pedagogical Practice Nella Mariana Panjaitan
Indonesian Journal of Christian Education and Theology Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijcet.v5i1.5

Abstract

The development of education in the twenty-first century presents significant challenges to Christian Religious Education (CRE), particularly when learning processes become increasingly driven by academic performance and pragmatic outcomes, while the formation of faith and character is often overlooked. This article revisits the concept of Coram Deo living before the face of God as a theological framework that can guide pedagogical practice in CRE. This study employs a literature-review method by examining books and scholarly articles, particularly from the past five years, related to the Christian worldview, faith-learning integration, and spiritual formation. The data were analyzed thematically to identify major contributions, gaps, and possibilities for developing a pedagogical model. The findings indicate that Coram Deo does not merely emphasize individual spirituality; rather, it shapes how learners understand themselves, the world, and their vocation. CRE is therefore understood not simply as the transmission of religious knowledge, but as a process of faith formation that engages cognitive, affective, and spiritual dimensions in a holistic manner. This article proposes a Coram Deo Pedagogical Model that integrates the biblical narrative of Creation–Fall–Redemption–Restoration into instructional stages, and highlights collaboration among school, family, and church as a formative ecosystem.
From Tolerance to Transformation: An Intercultural Approach to Christian Education through Theology and Communication Ethics Nella Mariana Panjaitan
Indonesian Journal of Christian Education and Theology Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijcet.v5i1.6

Abstract

In many contexts, religious education practices stop at passive tolerance coexisting without meaningful dialogue thus failing to build just relationships in plural societies. This article aims to develop an approach to Christian Religious Education (CRE) that goes beyond transmissional models toward dialogical and transformative learning. This study employs a literature review with thematic and comparative analysis of theological, educational, and social science literature. Conceptual data were synthesized to formulate a learning framework relevant to pluralistic contexts. The findings show that integrating interculturality, theology that affirms human dignity, and ethical communication strengthens reflective and participatory faith formation. The article proposes the Mutual Transformation Framework, a model that places teachers and students in a process of reciprocal transformation through epistemological awareness, intercultural encounters, inclusive theological foundations, and reflective communication. This framework has the potential to deepen faith understanding, foster social sensitivity, and cultivate commitment to justice and peace. The study offers a conceptual contribution to the development of intercultural CRE and recommends further implementation studies in school and church settings.