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All Journal African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Eze Emmanuel Onyemaechi
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection with Salmonella typhi in Wukari North-East Nigeria Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown; Eze Emmanuel Onyemaechi; Ikrimah Usman Mohammed; Tanko Saadatu Yahaya
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.5384

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and typhoid fever remain significant public health concerns, particularly in resource-limited settings where sanitation and healthcare infrastructure are inadequate. This study investigated the prevalence of HBV, Salmonella typhi, and their co-infection among febrile patients attending the General Outpatient Department (GOPD) of Federal University Teaching Hospital, Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. A total of 50 patients aged 15–65 years were recruited, and blood samples were analyzed using serological assays for HBV and Widal tests for Salmonella typhi detection. The study found an overall HBV prevalence of 30%, with males (37%) having a higher prevalence than females (21.7%). The prevalence of Salmonella typhi was 44%, with females (52.2%) showing a higher infection rate than males (37%). The co-infection rate of HBV and typhoid was 12%, with males (18.5%) exhibiting a higher burden than females (4.3%). The highest HBV prevalence was observed in individuals aged 31–40 years (34.7%), while typhoid was most prevalent in the 20–30 years (71.4%) and 41–50 years (70%) age groups. Co-infection was most common in the 31–40 years (21.7%) group. The findings suggest that gender, age, and exposure to risk factors such as poor hygiene and unsafe practices contribute to the high prevalence of these infections. The study underscores the need for enhanced public health interventions, including vaccination, improved sanitation, health education, and regular screening programs to mitigate the spread of HBV and typhoid fever.
Combined Effects of Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances from Vaginal Lactobacillus Isolated from Clinical Sample on Group B Streptococcus Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown; Usman Ikrimah Mohammed; Eze Emmanuel Onyemaechi; Benjamin Nanisi Daniel
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.6963

Abstract

This study investigates the prevalence of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and the potential inhibitory effects of bacteriocin-like substances produced by Lactobacillus species in pregnant women in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. Lactobacillus species, known as non-pathogenic Gram-positive rods, are commonly found in the vaginal microbiota of healthy premenopausal women, where they play a crucial role in maintaining vaginal health through their antimicrobial properties. The study aimed to determine the incidence of GBS colonization and explore the antimicrobial activity of crude and partially purified bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances from Lactobacillus isolates against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A total of 50 vaginal swab samples were collected from pregnant women. The results revealed that 11 women (22%) were colonized by Group B Streptococcus, while 14 women (28%) tested positive for Lactobacillus presence. The bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances produced by the Lactobacillus isolates demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against GBS, with optimal inhibitory effects observed at 30°C and pH 5.5. Furthermore, antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin were effective against GBS isolates. The findings underscore the potential role of Lactobacillus-derived bacteriocins as natural antimicrobial agents in the prevention and control of GBS infections, particularly in pregnant women. This study also reinforces the importance of monitoring GBS colonization due to its implications for maternal and neonatal health.
The Impacts of Trichomonas vaginalis on the Quality of Life in Women Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown; Usman Ikrimah Mohammed; Eze Emmanuel Onyemaechi; Yusuf Precious Wama
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.6962

Abstract

Trichomoniasis is a significant global health concern, particularly affecting women of reproductive age. In many public health settings, diagnosis is commonly based solely on clinical signs and symptoms. However, this approach can lead to misdiagnosis, as trichomoniasis shares similar clinical presentations with other vaginal infections. Caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, trichomoniasis is one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs), often linked to reproductive tract infections, infertility, cervical cancer, premature births, and low birth weight in newborns. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 276.4 million cases were reported in 2008, with nearly 90% occurring in resource-limited settings. The global prevalence among women is estimated at 8.1%, making it more common than Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and syphilis combined. Various studies have identified key risk factors associated with T. vaginalis infection, particularly among adolescent girls and women attending STI clinics. These include unprotected sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, a longer history of sexual activity, previous STIs, and higher prevalence among Black populations. Beyond its physical health implications, trichomoniasis significantly impacts women’s quality of life, affecting sexual function, reproductive outcomes, mental health, and social well-being. The stigma surrounding STIs, coupled with the often asymptomatic nature of trichomoniasis, contributes to delayed diagnosis, untreated infections, and continued community transmission. Effective prevention and control require comprehensive strategies including safe sex practices, regular screening, early diagnosis, partner notification, and timely treatment. Addressing the broader social and psychological dimensions of the disease is essential for improving health outcomes and reducing the burden of trichomoniasis on women’s health globally.
Antibacterial Potential of Lactobacillus-Derived Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances (BLIS) Against Group B Streptococcus (GBS): A Biotherapeutic Approach Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown; Ikrimah Usman Mohammed; Eze Emmanuel Onyemaechi
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5387

Abstract

Background: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a diverse group of Gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacteria known for their ability to produce antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocins and bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS). Aim: This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of BLIS produced by LAB against Group B Streptococcus (GBS) from vaginal samples of pregnant women attending Federal University Teaching Hospital Wukari, Nigeria. Methods: Vaginal swabs were collected from 50 pregnant women and processed for the isolation of LAB and GBS using selective media and biochemical characterization. Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances were extracted from LAB isolates and tested against GBS using the disk diffusion method. The effects of temperature and pH on BLIS activity were also evaluated. Results: The results revealed that LAB isolates exhibited varying degrees of antimicrobial activity against GBS. The BLIS produced were found to be moderately heat-stable, retaining activity up to 90°C but showing loss at 100°C. BLIS produced by selected isolates (S8, S4, and S2) maintained antimicrobial activity across a broad temperature range (30°C –100°C) and different pH conditions (5.5–8.0). The inhibitory effects of BLIS remained stable across different pH levels, reinforcing their potential as alternative antimicrobial agents. There was no significant difference in activity between crude and partially purified BLIS, suggesting they may be low-molecular-weight peptides. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that GBS isolates were resistant to levofloxacin, amoxicillin, and ampiclox, while ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin remained effective. Conclusion: This study underscores the potential of LAB-derived BLIS as natural antimicrobial agents for managing GBS infections. The effectiveness and stability of Lactobacillus-derived BLIS in various environmental conditions suggest its suitability for pharmaceutical and food industry applications. Further research on purification and molecular characterization could enhance its use in antimicrobial therapy.
Isolation and Identification of Microorganisms Found in Roasted Dog Meat Within Wukari Metropolis, North-East Nigeria Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown; Usman Ikrimah Mohammed; Eze Emmanuel Onyemaechi; Danya Sunday
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i3.7040

Abstract

This study evaluated the microbiological quality of roasted dog meat sold within Wukari Metropolis, Taraba State, to determine its safety for human consumption. Eight samples of roasted dog meat were collected and analyzed for Total Viable Count (TVC), coliform count, and bacterial identification using standard biochemical methods. The findings revealed varying levels of microbial contamination, with several samples exceeding the acceptable microbial load limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Notably, the highest TVC values were observed in samples YM2 (3.00 × 10⁶ cfu/g), YM1 (1.56 × 10⁶ cfu/g), and AS1 (1.20 × 10⁶ cfu/g), indicating significant bacterial presence. Coliform counts confirmed fecal contamination, with Escherichia coli identified in multiple samples. Biochemical analysis further revealed the presence of Salmonella spp. (20%), E. coli (13.33%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.33%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.67%), Chromobacterium violaceum (13.33%), and Neisseria mucosa (6.67%). The identification of these pathogenic organisms underscores serious public health concerns linked to inadequate hygiene, poor handling practices, and environmental contamination. The study emphasizes the urgent need for stricter food safety regulations, vendor hygiene training, and improved meat handling protocols. Additionally, public health awareness campaigns are recommended to educate both vendors and consumers on the risks associated with consuming improperly handled street-vended meat.
Assessment of Utilization of Primary Health Care Services and Quality Health System Among Inhabitants of Wukari Local Government, Taraba State, Nigeria Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown; Usman Ikrimah Mohammed; Timothy Nehemiah; Eze Emmanuel Onyemaechi; Shuaibu Adamu Ladan; Odey Catharine Rita
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i3.6851

Abstract

This study assesses the utilization of Primary Health Care (PHC) services and the perceived quality of the healthcare system among residents of Wukari Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria. While the presence of health facilities is crucial, access and utilization are influenced by a range of socioeconomic factors. Using a cross-sectional survey design, the demographic analysis revealed that the majority of respondents (59%) were aged 20–39 years, with 58% female and 42% male participants. Educational levels varied, with 37% having secondary education, 27% primary education, 20% no formal education, and 16% tertiary education. Marital status data showed 52% were single, 32% married, and 16% divorced, while religious affiliation indicated that 54% were Christians, 32% practiced African traditional religions, and 14% were Muslims. Occupationally, 53% were farmers, 26% civil/public servants, 13% artisans, and 7% petty traders. Findings revealed that major barriers to PHC utilization included inadequate staffing (90%), high drug costs (95%), long waiting times (80%), poor staff attitudes (85%), and long distances to health facilities (70%). Notably, 75% of respondents did not consider staff incompetence a major issue. Regarding satisfaction, high levels of dissatisfaction were recorded with service charges (75%), drug supply (90%), treatment modalities (60%), chronic disease management (95%), child care services (87.5%), antenatal care (90%), and delivery services (87.5%). Chi-square analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between PHC facility-related factors and service utilization (χ² = 250.7, df = 18, p < 0.001). The study concludes that despite the availability of PHC facilities, critical issues such as cost, accessibility, quality of care, and staff performance hinder effective utilization. It recommends targeted policy interventions to improve staffing, service delivery, affordability, and access to ensure equitable and efficient primary healthcare in Wukari.
Antimicrobial Activity of Senna siamea Fresh Leaf Extracts (Ethanolic and Aqueous Solution) on Shigella Species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown; Usman Ikrimah Mohammed; Eze Emmanuel Onyemaechi; Shinggu Paula Paul
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i3.7038

Abstract

The rising threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has intensified the search for alternative antimicrobial agents, particularly those derived from plants. Numerous plant species have long been used in traditional medicine, with leaf extracts showing promising antimicrobial potential. This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts of Senna siamea against Shigella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fresh leaves of S. siamea were collected, authenticated, and subjected to solvent extraction using ethanol and distilled water. The antimicrobial effects of the extracts were evaluated using the agar well diffusion method, while the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined through standard microbiological procedures. The ethanol extract exhibited marked inhibitory effects against P. aeruginosa at all tested concentrations, whereas the aqueous extract showed greater efficacy against Shigella spp. at 100% concentration. Both extracts demonstrated bactericidal properties at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. These findings indicate that S. siamea contains bioactive compounds with significant antimicrobial activity, affirming its traditional use in treating infectious diseases. The results support the potential of S. siamea as a natural alternative for managing bacterial infections, particularly those involving resistant strains. Further research involving phytochemical profiling, toxicological analysis, and clinical evaluation is recommended to isolate the active compounds and assess their pharmaceutical applications.
Co-Authors Benjamin Nanisi Daniel Danya Sunday Ikrimah Usman Mohammed Odey Catharine Rita Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown Shinggu Paula Paul Shuaibu Adamu Ladan Tanko Saadatu Yahaya Timothy Nehemiah Usman Ikrimah Mohammed Yusuf Precious Wama