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All Journal African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Ikrimah Usman Mohammed
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection with Salmonella typhi in Wukari North-East Nigeria Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown; Eze Emmanuel Onyemaechi; Ikrimah Usman Mohammed; Tanko Saadatu Yahaya
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v2i2.5384

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and typhoid fever remain significant public health concerns, particularly in resource-limited settings where sanitation and healthcare infrastructure are inadequate. This study investigated the prevalence of HBV, Salmonella typhi, and their co-infection among febrile patients attending the General Outpatient Department (GOPD) of Federal University Teaching Hospital, Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. A total of 50 patients aged 15–65 years were recruited, and blood samples were analyzed using serological assays for HBV and Widal tests for Salmonella typhi detection. The study found an overall HBV prevalence of 30%, with males (37%) having a higher prevalence than females (21.7%). The prevalence of Salmonella typhi was 44%, with females (52.2%) showing a higher infection rate than males (37%). The co-infection rate of HBV and typhoid was 12%, with males (18.5%) exhibiting a higher burden than females (4.3%). The highest HBV prevalence was observed in individuals aged 31–40 years (34.7%), while typhoid was most prevalent in the 20–30 years (71.4%) and 41–50 years (70%) age groups. Co-infection was most common in the 31–40 years (21.7%) group. The findings suggest that gender, age, and exposure to risk factors such as poor hygiene and unsafe practices contribute to the high prevalence of these infections. The study underscores the need for enhanced public health interventions, including vaccination, improved sanitation, health education, and regular screening programs to mitigate the spread of HBV and typhoid fever.
Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of Daniella oliveri Stem Bark on Selected Clinical Isolates Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown; Ikrimah Usman Mohammed; Habiba Idris Adam
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3465

Abstract

The utilization of medicinal plants in therapy has gained popularity due to increased trust in herbal medicine, attributed to properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antipyretic effects conferred by phytochemicals present in them. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Daniella oliveri stem bark against clinical isolates. The sample was air dry at room temperature for 7 days. Exactly 400 g of the air dried samples was weighed and soaked in 1000 mL each of ethanol and water respectively for 72 hours and were extracted using decoction method. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of the bark of the Daniella oliveri was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp., Klebsiella pneumonia and Planococcus glaciei isolates. The ethanol extract of the bark was inhibitory against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp. and Klebsiella pneumonia with the highest zone of inhibition of 14±0.00 mm, 17±10.6 mm and 25±10.5 respectively, while the aqueous extracts of bark was active against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp. and Klebsiella pneumonia with zone of inhibition of 14±0.00 mm, 13±10.4 mm and 25±0.00 respectively. MICs ranged from 50 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL for ethanol and 100 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL for aqueous extracts, with no activity observed at 200 mg/mL. MBC results were observed at 100 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL for ethanol and aqueous extracts respectively. The study concluded that Daniella oliveri possesses significant antibacterial activities, supporting its traditional use. Further research is warranted to purify and utilize the active inhibitory substance as an alternative treatment for infections associated with the test organisms.
Environmental Risk Assessment of Microplastics in Water and Sediments along Ibi Troughs North-East Nigeria Habiba Idris Adam; Otitoju Oluwale; Arowora Kayode Adebisi; Isaac John Umaru; Ikrimah Usman Mohammed; Iornenge Terungwa Joseph
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3471

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the risk associated with microplastics along river Ibi. Water and sediment samples were collected from five (5) sites each along river Ibi 100m apart. The surface sediment was sampled in all cases to approximately 5-cm depth using a Van Veen grab (25 cm2). Microplastics particles were identified using Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR spectra of the water and sediment showed bands and wave numbers of between 3275 cm-1 and 1033 cm-1 as the prominent peaks. The peaks at these frequencies were strong, broad and medium, which suggest the presence of compounds with the functional groups of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, amines, alkyl halide, nitro compound, carbonyl bond, carboxylic acids and alcohols in the samples. The review analysis also shows that various polymer types have been covered in the studies polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyamide (PA), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP) is the dominant polymer types found in all environmental matrices. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment shows hazard indices above one at every sampling location in river Ibi, indicating that drinking water from these water bodies may present serious health risks, including cardiovascular and non-carcinogenic health issues. The results obtained from this study showed that water from the sampling locations are not suitable for human consumption and also confirm the presence of microplastic in river Ibi.
Comparative Study on the Proximate and Amino Acids Levels in Selected Edible Mushroom Species Arowora Kayode Adebisi; Iornenge Terungwa Joseph; Idris Habiba Adams; Ikrimah Usman Mohammed; Bando Christopher David; Danlami Efoseh; Isaac John Umaru
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.5892

Abstract

Mushrooms represent an ancient group of heterotrophic organisms classified under Thallophytae, and based on their chemical composition and utility, they are broadly categorized as edible or poisonous. Edible mushrooms can further be divided into wild and cultivated types. This study compares the amino acid profiles and proximate compositions of two edible mushrooms, tea tree mushroom (Agrocybe aegerita) and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), collected from Takum Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. Freshly harvested samples were air-dried for three days, pulverized, and subjected to amino acid analysis using isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and proximate analysis following standard protocols from the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Results showed that Agrocybe aegerita exhibited higher concentrations of amino acids compared to Pleurotus ostreatus, with a non-significant decrease (p > 0.05) observed in Pleurotus ostreatus for essential and non-essential amino acids including lysine, methionine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, valine, tryptophan, histidine, arginine, serine, cysteine, tyrosine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and proline. Conversely, Pleurotus ostreatus demonstrated slightly higher values in proximate components such as carbohydrate, fiber, ash, and moisture, whereas Agrocybe aegerita showed higher but non-significant values in protein, fat, and energy content. The study concludes that Agrocybe aegerita is nutritionally superior in terms of amino acid composition, while Pleurotus ostreatus is marginally better in proximate nutritional content, supporting their complementary roles in dietary applications.
Hygienic Status and Microbial Profile of Locally Produced Fermented Milk in Wukari North-East, Nigeria Ikrimah Usman Mohammed; Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown; Emmanuel Onyemaechi
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.5386

Abstract

Background: Milk and its derivatives are widely consumed for their nutritional benefits; however, their improper handling and processing can lead to contamination with pathogenic microorganisms, posing significant public health risks. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the microbial quality of locally fermented milk products, sold in Wukari, North-East, Nigeria. Methods: A total of fifteen (15) fermented milk samples were collected from five different retail locations and analyzed for microbial contamination using standard microbiological techniques. Results: The results revealed high levels of bacterial contamination across all sampling sites, with total viable counts ranging from 0.3 × 10⁶ to 2.4 × 10⁶ CFU/mL. Coliform bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were detected, indicating fecal contamination and poor sanitary conditions during processing and distribution. Staphylococcus aureus, a major foodborne pathogen, was identified in 27.1% of the total bacterial isolates, highlighting a potential risk of food poisoning. Other bacterial isolates included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the unhygienic handling of fermented milk contributes to its microbial contamination, making it unfit for human consumption. This study emphasizes the need for improved hygiene practices, proper pasteurization, and strict regulatory measures to ensure the safety of locally produced dairy products. Public awareness campaigns should be conducted to educate dairy vendors and consumers about the health risks associated with contaminated milk.
Prevalence of Helicobater pylori Among Suspected Ulcer Patients Attending General Hospital Wukari, Taraba State Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown; Ikrimah Usman Mohammed; Isaac John Umaru; Ibrahim Jamilat Mijinyawa; Benjamin Nanisi Daniel; Ugwuala Chimaobi Melvin; Nurudeen Umar Abdulkadir
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v1i1.4110

Abstract

H. pylori are microaerophilic organism and a Gram negative bacterium which is found in the alimentary canal. It causes chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers. It is also linked to the development of duodenal ulcers and stomach cancer, conditions that were not previously believed to have a microbial cause. These study aim to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among suspected peptic ulcer patients attending General Hospital Wukari, Nigeria. A total of one hundred (100) blood samples were collected from consenting patient attending General Hospital, Wukari. Demographic information such as age and sex of each participant was obtained. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture. 5mL of blood was collected from each patient into well labelled ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) vacutainer tube. The Rapid Test kit was used for the qualitative detection of H. pylori surface antigen in serum/plasma. It utilises a combination of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to selectively detect elevated levels of H. pylori in serum/plasma. Consenting patients who participated in the study were between the age ranges of 1 to 95 years. Total prevalence of H. pylori was observed is 66%. The male gender was more infected with H. pylori infection 71.9% than the female counterparts with 58.13%. Out of the total patients 66% of the study patients tested positive for H. pylori. Among them, 60% were male and 40% were female. The age breakdown showed most patients were between 16-35 years old. It shows that the prevalence of H. pylori infection by sex among outpatient which 60% of the patients were male while 40% were female. With this the prevalence of H. pylori infection among patients attending General Hospital Wukari is 66%. Despite the high prevalence of H. pylori infection among the study subjects, these infections are threats to the human health. Hence, strategies should be adopted to help combat and control these infections and their spread within the population.
Antimicrobial Activity of Paw-paw (Carica papaya) Leaves and Seed Extracts on Shigella and Salmonella Species Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown; Ikrimah Usman Mohammed; Isaac John Umaru
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v1i1.4111

Abstract

This study investigates the antimicrobial properties of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Carica papaya leaves and seeds against Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. The extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial activity using the agar well diffusion method, with zones of inhibition measured to assess efficacy. Results revealed that the ethanolic extract of Carica papaya leaves exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Salmonella spp., with a zone of inhibition of 14 mm at a concentration of 200 mg/mL, whereas no activity was observed against Shigella spp. The aqueous extracts, as well as both types of extracts from the seeds, showed no significant antibacterial effects against the tested organisms. The study highlights the superior extraction capability of ethanol over water for bioactive compounds and suggests potential therapeutic applications for Carica papaya extracts in treating Salmonella infections. However, further research is needed to explore higher concentrations and isolate specific active compounds. This work supports the traditional medicinal use of Carica papaya and indicates its potential as a source of new antibacterial agents.
Antibacterial Potential of Lactobacillus-Derived Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances (BLIS) Against Group B Streptococcus (GBS): A Biotherapeutic Approach Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown; Ikrimah Usman Mohammed; Eze Emmanuel Onyemaechi
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5387

Abstract

Background: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a diverse group of Gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacteria known for their ability to produce antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocins and bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS). Aim: This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of BLIS produced by LAB against Group B Streptococcus (GBS) from vaginal samples of pregnant women attending Federal University Teaching Hospital Wukari, Nigeria. Methods: Vaginal swabs were collected from 50 pregnant women and processed for the isolation of LAB and GBS using selective media and biochemical characterization. Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances were extracted from LAB isolates and tested against GBS using the disk diffusion method. The effects of temperature and pH on BLIS activity were also evaluated. Results: The results revealed that LAB isolates exhibited varying degrees of antimicrobial activity against GBS. The BLIS produced were found to be moderately heat-stable, retaining activity up to 90°C but showing loss at 100°C. BLIS produced by selected isolates (S8, S4, and S2) maintained antimicrobial activity across a broad temperature range (30°C –100°C) and different pH conditions (5.5–8.0). The inhibitory effects of BLIS remained stable across different pH levels, reinforcing their potential as alternative antimicrobial agents. There was no significant difference in activity between crude and partially purified BLIS, suggesting they may be low-molecular-weight peptides. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that GBS isolates were resistant to levofloxacin, amoxicillin, and ampiclox, while ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin remained effective. Conclusion: This study underscores the potential of LAB-derived BLIS as natural antimicrobial agents for managing GBS infections. The effectiveness and stability of Lactobacillus-derived BLIS in various environmental conditions suggest its suitability for pharmaceutical and food industry applications. Further research on purification and molecular characterization could enhance its use in antimicrobial therapy.
Co-Authors Arowora Kayode Adebisi Bando Christopher David Benjamin Nanisi Daniel Danlami Efoseh Emmanuel Onyemaechi Eze Emmanuel Onyemaechi Habiba Idris Adam Ibrahim Jamilat Mijinyawa Idris Habiba Adams Iornenge Terungwa Joseph Isaac John Umaru Nurudeen Umar Abdulkadir Otitoju Oluwale Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown Tanko Saadatu Yahaya Ugwuala Chimaobi Melvin