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All Journal African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
John Odiba Oko
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Effect of Heavy Metals and Risk Analysis on Arable Farmlands in Selected Local Government Areas of Southern Taraba State, Nigeria Bilyaminu Habibu; Otitoju Olawale; Yakubu Ojochenemi Ejeh; Isaac John Umaru; John Odiba Oko; Chukuma Stephen Ezeonu; Egbeadumah Maryanne Odufa
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 2 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i2.3819

Abstract

Heavy metals are naturally occurring metallic elements that have a relatively high density compared to water. In most of the continent including Africa, the lack of food quality usually stand to be one of the major problem in which most of the food items are laden with lots of pollutants from heavy metals. Soil is said to be the reservoir of nutrients as well as pollutants. These pollutants have been implicated in causing lots of Health issues on human and Animals. Agricultural soil plays major role in food safety, food scarcity and food security, consumption of contaminated foods has serious implication on Human and Animals health. Heavy metals are potential environmental pollutants which are toxic to the human health. When present in an Arable land, they have the ability to bio-accumulate in the soil then to crops and eventually get to humans through food consumption. This study is able to evaluate the effect of heavy metals and risk analysis of arable farmlands in some selected local government areas of southern Taraba state (Donga, Wukari and Takum). All samples were processed, and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As) concentration were assayed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that Chromium had a high concentration across all the studied areas with values ranging from 1.40 mg/kg to 2.25 mg/kg. However, Cadmium followed with values ranging from 0.04 mg/kg to 0.07 mg/kg and Arsenic with values ranging from 0.03 mg/kg to 0.06 mg/kg while Lead and Mercury had the lowest concentration of less than 0.03 mg/kg across the three LGAs. Ecological Risk Assessments parameters; Target Cancer Risk, Hazard Index (HI) and Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) were determined to assess the non-carcinogenic health risk. Takum recorded the highest levels of HM having the highest health risk followed by Wukari, whereas Donga had the lowest. Consistent use of crops harvested from the sampled location may pose a serious health challenge; bio-accumulation of toxicants in the soil across the studied areas may pose a health risk due to high concentration of heavy metals which are known to generate free radicals that may lead to oxidative stress and other cellular damages in humans.
Health Risk Analysis and Heavy Metals Speciation of Arable Farmlands In some selected Areas of Northern Taraba State Nigeria Bilyaminu Habibu; Otitoju Olawale; Yakubu Ojochenemi Ejeh; Isaac John Umaru; John Odiba Oko; Dawoye Yusufu; Mai-anguwa Abdulrashid Dauda
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3563

Abstract

Background and Objective: Soil plays a major role in food safety and security. A major problem in most developing nations is a lack of food security and safety. The soil environment is a reservoir of nutrients as well as pollutants. This study eval_uated the health risk and heavy metals speciation of arable farmlands in Ardo-Kola, Zing and Yorro, Local Government Areas of Taraba State, Nigeria. Methodology: Three different soil samples from three Local Government Areas of Taraba State (Ardo-Kola, Zing and Yorro) were collected using sterile glass sample collection bottles measured at 5 cm depth. The collected soil samples were freed from unwanted materials by hand picking and air-dried for 5 days to remove excess moisture. The dried soil samples were crushed in with mortar and a pestle, the crushed soil sample was sieved through a 2 mm sieve made of stainless steel the sieved soil sample was further pulverized to a fine powder and passed through a 0.5-mm sieve. Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg and As) concentrations were assayed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Results: The results showed that Chromium had a high concentration with values ranging from 1.83 mg/kg to 2.62 mg/kg. While Lead and Mercury had the lowest concentration of less than 0.03 mg/kg across the studied areas. For ecological risk assessment parameters; target cancer risk, hazard index (HI) estimated daily intake (EDI) were all determined to assess the non-carcinogenic health risk. Ardo-Kola recorded the highest levels of HM, followed by Yorro, whereas Zing had the lowest concentration. Consumption of crops harvested from the sampled location may pose a serious health challenge; bio-accumulation of toxicants in the soil across the studied areas may pose a health risk due to high concentration of heavy metals which are known to generate free radicals that may lead to oxidative stress and other cellular damages in humans. Conclusion: Although most of the studied heavy metals were significantly present in all the analyzed soil except lead and mercury, their concentration in various soil samples across the studied areas exceeded the permissible levels as recommended by WHO except for Lead and mercury.
Co-Authors Bilyaminu Habibu Chukuma Stephen Ezeonu Dawoye Yusufu Egbeadumah Maryanne Odufa Isaac John Umaru Mai-anguwa Abdulrashid Dauda Otitoju Olawale Yakubu Ojochenemi Ejeh