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All Journal African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Open Access DRIVERset
Isaac John Umaru
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Potential of the Ethanol Extract of Luffa Leaves in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Ogana Moses Miracle; Isaac John Umaru; Philip Shadrach
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v3i2.10341

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and progressive damage to vital organs. This study investigated the antidiabetic and biochemical effects of ethanol extract of Luffa acutangula leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Fresh leaves of Luffa acutangula were collected, authenticated, air-dried, pulverized, and extracted with 95% ethanol using maceration. Twenty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic rats treated with metformin, and diabetic rats treated with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg ethanol extract of Luffa acutangula leaves. Diabetes was induced through a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 50 mg/kg body weight, and treatments were administered orally for 14 days. Blood glucose levels, liver function enzymes, bilirubin fractions, serum proteins, kidney function markers, electrolytes, and lipid profile parameters were evaluated. The findings showed that streptozotocin induction increased blood glucose levels, liver enzymes, renal biomarkers, and lipid abnormalities in diabetic rats. Treatment with Luffa acutangula leaf extract reduced blood glucose levels from 210.20 ± 7.30 to 140.50 ± 10.60 mg/dL at 200 mg/kg and from 198.60 ± 7.80 to 130.40 ± 9.80 mg/dL at 400 mg/kg. The extract also improved selected liver function markers, reduced creatinine levels, and ameliorated lipid profile disturbances, particularly total cholesterol and triglycerides. However, the elevated urea levels observed in extract-treated groups indicate the need for further renal safety evaluation. Overall, ethanol extract of Luffa acutangula leaves demonstrated promising antihyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, and hypolipidemic effects in diabetic rats, providing preclinical evidence for its potential relevance in managing diabetes-related metabolic complications.
Protective Effects of Ethanol Extract of Chrysophyllum albidum Stem Bark on Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation Induced Kidney Toxicity in Albino Rats Exposed to Bonny Light Crude Oil Jemimah Hebrew; Markus Audu; Isaac John Umaru
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v3i2.10475

Abstract

Exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons such as Bonny Light crude oil (BLCO) is associated with oxidative stress and organ toxicity, particularly renal damage. Chrysophyllum albidum is a medicinal plant rich in antioxidant phytochemicals, yet its protective role against crude-oil-induced renal oxidative injury remains insufficiently explored. This study evaluated the effect of ethanol extract of C. albidum stem bark on renal antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation in Wistar rats exposed to BLCO. Wistar rats were assigned to control, BLCO-only, and BLCO plus C. albidum extract treatment groups. Renal tissues were analyzed for catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, as well as malondialdehyde levels as a marker of lipid peroxidation. The findings showed that BLCO exposure significantly reduced catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities and markedly increased malondialdehyde levels compared with the control group, p < .05. Treatment with C. albidum extract produced a dose-dependent increase in antioxidant enzyme activities and significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels relative to the BLCO-only group, p < .05, indicating attenuation of renal oxidative stress. The study concludes that ethanol extract of C. albidum stem bark exhibits antioxidant and nephroprotective effects against BLCO-induced renal oxidative damage. These findings contribute to toxicological and phytomedicinal research by highlighting the potential of C. albidum to enhance endogenous antioxidant defenses and suppress lipid peroxidation in crude-oil-related kidney toxicity.
Potential of the Ethanol Extract of Luffa Leaves in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Ogana Moses Miracle; Isaac John Umaru; Philip Shadrach
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v3i2.10341

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and progressive damage to vital organs. This study investigated the antidiabetic and biochemical effects of ethanol extract of Luffa acutangula leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Fresh leaves of Luffa acutangula were collected, authenticated, air-dried, pulverized, and extracted with 95% ethanol using maceration. Twenty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic rats treated with metformin, and diabetic rats treated with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg ethanol extract of Luffa acutangula leaves. Diabetes was induced through a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 50 mg/kg body weight, and treatments were administered orally for 14 days. Blood glucose levels, liver function enzymes, bilirubin fractions, serum proteins, kidney function markers, electrolytes, and lipid profile parameters were evaluated. The findings showed that streptozotocin induction increased blood glucose levels, liver enzymes, renal biomarkers, and lipid abnormalities in diabetic rats. Treatment with Luffa acutangula leaf extract reduced blood glucose levels from 210.20 ± 7.30 to 140.50 ± 10.60 mg/dL at 200 mg/kg and from 198.60 ± 7.80 to 130.40 ± 9.80 mg/dL at 400 mg/kg. The extract also improved selected liver function markers, reduced creatinine levels, and ameliorated lipid profile disturbances, particularly total cholesterol and triglycerides. However, the elevated urea levels observed in extract-treated groups indicate the need for further renal safety evaluation. Overall, ethanol extract of Luffa acutangula leaves demonstrated promising antihyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, and hypolipidemic effects in diabetic rats, providing preclinical evidence for its potential relevance in managing diabetes-related metabolic complications.
Protective Effects of Ethanol Extract of Chrysophyllum albidum Stem Bark on Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation Induced Kidney Toxicity in Albino Rats Exposed to Bonny Light Crude Oil Jemimah Hebrew; Markus Audu; Isaac John Umaru
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v3i2.10475

Abstract

Exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons such as Bonny Light crude oil (BLCO) is associated with oxidative stress and organ toxicity, particularly renal damage. Chrysophyllum albidum is a medicinal plant rich in antioxidant phytochemicals, yet its protective role against crude-oil-induced renal oxidative injury remains insufficiently explored. This study evaluated the effect of ethanol extract of C. albidum stem bark on renal antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation in Wistar rats exposed to BLCO. Wistar rats were assigned to control, BLCO-only, and BLCO plus C. albidum extract treatment groups. Renal tissues were analyzed for catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, as well as malondialdehyde levels as a marker of lipid peroxidation. The findings showed that BLCO exposure significantly reduced catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities and markedly increased malondialdehyde levels compared with the control group, p < .05. Treatment with C. albidum extract produced a dose-dependent increase in antioxidant enzyme activities and significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels relative to the BLCO-only group, p < .05, indicating attenuation of renal oxidative stress. The study concludes that ethanol extract of C. albidum stem bark exhibits antioxidant and nephroprotective effects against BLCO-induced renal oxidative damage. These findings contribute to toxicological and phytomedicinal research by highlighting the potential of C. albidum to enhance endogenous antioxidant defenses and suppress lipid peroxidation in crude-oil-related kidney toxicity.
Co-Authors Jemimah Hebrew Markus Audu Ogana Moses Miracle Philip Shadrach