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All Journal African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Muhammad Haris Baig
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Musashi Proteins as Prognostic Biomarkers: Role in Leukemic Cancer and Stem Cells Growth Muhammad Haris Baig; Isaac John Umaru
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.5581

Abstract

Leukemia stem cell's (LSC) ability to self-renew and survive depends on the RNA-binding regulators known as Musashi proteins (MSI1 and MSI2). By stabilizing the mRNAs of key oncogenes like HOXA9 and MYC, MSI2 encourages leukemia growth and treatment resistance, especially in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). On the other hand, MSI1 enhances Notch1 signaling, which helps explain the traits of cancer stem cells in leukemia and solid tumors. Since dysregulation of these proteins is linked to recurrence, treatment resistance, and poor prognosis, they are crucial therapeutic targets. Preclinical research indicates that treatments targeting MSI proteins have potential results. Small-molecule inhibitors and RNA-based methods are being developed to disrupt MSI RNA connections, lowering LSC self-renewal and enhancing chemotherapeutic responses. Inhibiting MSI2 can reduce key pathways such as β-catenin and STAT3, improving therapeutic success in AML. CRISPR-Cas9 technology has also shown promise in overcoming therapeutic resistance by deactivating MSI2.
Meta-Analysis of Genes Associated with Craniofacial Microsomia (CFM) Muhammad Haris Baig
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.6067

Abstract

Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a complex congenital anomaly primarily involving malformations of structures derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches. Increasing evidence suggests that both genetic predispositions and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis. This meta-analysis synthesizes current genetic research on CFM to identify key loci and candidate genes implicated in its development, with a particular focus on those regulating neural crest cell (NCC) migration and differentiation, processes essential for normal craniofacial morphogenesis. The analysis incorporates data from multiple population-based studies and highlights eight major and five additional implicated genetic loci associated with CFM, underscoring considerable genetic heterogeneity across ethnic and demographic groups. In addition to core genetic determinants, the review explores the role of modifier genes and gene–environment interactions in shaping phenotypic variability and disease progression. Methodological challenges inherent to genetic meta-analyses, including statistical heterogeneity, incomplete datasets, and model selection are critically evaluated to ensure the robustness of conclusions. The study further addresses ongoing debates regarding the clinical translation of genetic findings, emphasizing the need for rigorous analytical frameworks to mitigate bias and enhance reproducibility. By consolidating and interpreting available genomic data, this meta-analysis contributes to the evolving understanding of CFM and supports the development of improved diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies for affected individuals.
Breast Cancer in the Modern Era: Molecular Strategies for Tumor Targeting and Diagnosis Muhammad Haris Baig
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.6068

Abstract

Breast cancer is a multifactorial and heterogeneous malignancy arising from the uncontrolled proliferation of breast tissue cells, primarily affecting women but also occurring in men. Among its various subtypes, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) accounts for 70% to 80% of cases, making it the most prevalent form. As one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women globally, breast cancer remains a major public health concern, driving continuous research into its etiology, detection, and treatment. The disease is influenced by an interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental risk factors. While non-modifiable determinants such as age and sex are critical, modifiable lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, dietary habits, and alcohol consumption also contribute significantly to disease risk. Advances in screening technologies, including mammography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have facilitated earlier detection, improving treatment outcomes. However, disparities in access to diagnostic and therapeutic resources persist, particularly in low-resource and marginalized populations, reinforcing existing health inequities. The treatment landscape has evolved markedly with the advent of personalized medicine and immunotherapeutic approaches, offering targeted interventions based on tumor biology. Nevertheless, ongoing challenges include treatment resistance, overdiagnosis, and the ethical dilemmas surrounding management of low-risk lesions. Furthermore, debates continue regarding optimal screening strategies, the role of genetic testing, and the balance between therapeutic benefit and potential harm. These complexities underscore the need for integrative, equity-focused approaches to breast cancer prevention, diagnosis, and care.
Co-Authors Isaac John Umaru