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All Journal African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Abubakar Umar Dewa
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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Application of Detergent as Enhancer in Cassava Flour Processing: A Threat to Life B.N Hikon; Abubakar Umar Dewa; Nelson Jonathan; P. Vincent
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3497

Abstract

Introduction: Cassava flour is a processed product from Cassava tuber (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as a staple food, it is a major source of carbohydrate. Due to effects of climate related variables (dry and rain season) on the production and processing of cassava, rural dwellers have adopted the practice of using detergent (linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, LABS) to enhance the process of fermentation of cassava. Purpose of the Study: The study on the application of detergent as enhancer in cassava flour processing: A threat to life was purposely designed to substantiate the assertion that, detergent are used to aid fermentation of cassava. Materials and Methods: Samples of cassava tubers were randomly collected from three (3) farms, they were peeled, washed and soaked in detergents of concentrations; 0.05g/L, 0.1g/L and 0.5g/L and their rates of fermentation and pH were monitored, a control (sample without detergent) was also set up for comparison. A total of three (3) cassava flour were obtained from Wukari market, North Eastern Nigeria and were subjected to the same analysis with other samples in the laboratory. All samples were characterized with Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), titrimetric method for residual detergent (LABS) and Flame photometer for Na concentrations. Results: The results obtained showed that the sample with least concentration of detergent (0.05 g/L) fermented within 48 hrs without objectionable odour, followed by 0.1 g/L at 54 hrs and 0.5 g/L at 68 hrs, the control sample fermented after 72 hrs with undesirable odour. The results of FTIR and Flame Photometer indicate the presence of Silicate, Azide and Na in both samples. Conclusion: The findings have proved that some of the Cassava Flour sold within Wukari Metropolis contained high concentration of residual LABS and sodium which have adverse effect on humans.
Preliminary Study into the Application of Metabolomics in Soil Discrimination Abdulwasiu Olawale Salaudeen; Yemisi Ajoke Olawore; Aishat Abdulkareem Yetunde; Hajara Yakubu; Abubakar Umar Dewa
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.6486

Abstract

Soil metabolomics provides a comprehensive analysis of small-molecule metabolites (≤1.5 kDa) present in soil and offers insights into how environmental processes influence soil conditions. Although this technique has been applied to various soil-related studies, it remains underrepresented in the broader field of metabolomics, highlighting the need for further research. This study aims to characterize the soil metabolome across contrasting soil sites to evaluate the discriminating capacity of soil metabolomics and its potential as a soil quality indicator. Soil metabolites were extracted using methanol and dichloromethane and analyzed with an Agilent 1260 Infinity II liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry platform. A total of 307 compounds were positively identified, including steroids, saponins, amino acids, organothiophosphorus compounds, and fatty acids. Multivariate statistical tools, such as Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) score and loading plots, Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) scores, Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM), and heat mapping successfully discriminated the soil samples from four distinct sites. Among the identified metabolites, prolyl-hydroxyproline (ID 1817) had the highest VIP score (≈2.62) and emerged as a potential biomarker for differentiating soil types. These findings underscore the utility of metabolomics in soil characterization and its potential application in environmental monitoring and soil quality assessment.
Co-Authors Abdulwasiu Olawale Salaudeen Aishat Abdulkareem Yetunde B.N Hikon Hajara Yakubu Nelson Jonathan P. Vincent Yemisi Ajoke Olawore